Nirav and Siham Vocab

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blockbusting

An illegal process where real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that POC will soon move into the neighborhood

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census data

The primary data used by planners to understand the social, economic, and demographic conditions locally and nationally

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central business district

a concentration of business and commerce in the city's downtown

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commodification

the process though which something is given monetary value

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disamenity zone

The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords.

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economic sector

in modern economics, there are four main sectors of economic activity: primary, secondary, tetiary, and quatinary

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edge cities

clusters of large buildings away from the central business district

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exurbs

areas of new development beyond the suburbs that are more rural but on the fringe of urbanized areas

the information technology center Tysons, Virginia, west of Washington, DC.

gentrification

A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.

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gravity model

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

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greenbelts

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.

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infrastructure

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

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land use

how the land is used

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megacities

cities with 10 million or more residents

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megalopolis

a very large, heavily populated city or urban complex.

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metropolitan area

region that includes a central city and its surrounding suburbs

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mixed-use design

Multiple uses in one building

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multiplier effect

An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.

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new urbanism

A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities. New urbanism is a reaction to the sprawling, automobile centered cities of the mid twentieth century.

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NIMBY (not in my back yard)

A syndrome under which people are happy to support the construction of an unsightly or unsocial facility, so long as it is not in their own area

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primate city

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

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public service

a service offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

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range (of a service)

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

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redlining

A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.

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sanitation

maintaining a clean condition in order to promote hygiene and prevent disease

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sense of place

Feelings evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place.

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site

the location of a place

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situation

The location of a place relative to another place

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slow-growth cities

cities that don't develop or grow as fast as others

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suburban sprawl

spread of suburbs away from the core city

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suburbanization

The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.

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sustainable design

The idea of designing products that will not negatively impact the environment or damage a natural resource.

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threshold

The minimum number of people needed to support the service

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urban hierarchy

A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions.

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urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

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walkable city

Able to walk place to place easy

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white flight

white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs

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world cities

cities generally considered to play an important role in the global economic system

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zones of abandonment

areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons

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zoning ordinances

laws that regulate the uses of property in certain areas

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