5 kinetics

Reaction rate

Change in concentration of a reactant or product over time

Measuring reaction rate

Decrease in mass

Volume of gas given off

How long it takes precipitate to form

What does the gradient or tangent on a reactant or product/tome graph represent

Rate of reaction

Collision theory

Particles must collide at the correct orientation and with the correct energy to react

Factors affecting rate

Surface area

More particles are available to react

Concentration

Particles will be closer together

Pressure

Particles will be closer together

Temperature

Kinetic energy and speed increase and Particles have more energy

Catalysts

Alternate pathway of lower energy

What is the maxwell boltzmann distribution curve

Illustrates the point that;

Some molecules move slowly due to low kinetic energy

Others move fast due to high kinetic energy

Majority have moderate energies and speeds

Only molecules with energy greater than or equal to activation energy have sufficient energy

Features of the maxwell boltzmann distribution curve

1. Originates at the origin no molecules have 0 ke

2. Rises sharply to a peak representing most common ke before gradually decreasing

3. Total area is equivalent to the total number of molecules

4. Peak of a curve shows the most probable ke a molecule could have

5. On average the ke is a bit higher than the peak energy

What affect does increasing temperature have on the curve

Shifts it to the right

Catalyst

Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative route with a lower activation energy without being used up