Lec 10 flashcards

What bacterium causes whooping cough?

Bordetella pertussis.

What type of vaccine is given for whooping cough to those born before the 1980s?

Whole-cell vaccine.

What is the newer version of the whooping cough vaccine?

Acellular vaccine or DTaP vaccine.

What type of bacteria is Bordetella pertussis classified as?

Gram-negative bacteria.

What toxin is produced by Bordetella pertussis?

Pertussis toxin.

How does whooping cough primarily affect infants?

It can lead to airway blockage and severe coughing fits.

What symptom characterizes whooping cough?

A characteristic 'whoop' sound during coughing.

What are the initial symptoms of whooping cough referred to?

Catarrhal phase.

What is a significant danger when infants cough frequently due to whooping cough?

Rib fractures and lung collapse.

What happens to the mucous membrane lining during whooping cough?

It gets destroyed.

What are cilia's role in the respiratory system?

They push mucus out of the airways.

What kind of immune response does Bordetella pertussis evade?

Both innate and adaptive immune responses.

What is the proximal phase of whooping cough?

A phase marked by severe coughing attacks.

What does pertussis toxin affect in the body?

ATP balance and cell function.

What can children develop that may block airways during whooping cough?

Excess mucus production.

What are siderophores?

Proteins secreted by bacteria to bind iron and other nutrients.

What happens to the immune system's mucus production in response to Bordetella pertussis?

It increases mucus production, leading to airway blockage.

What is the primary way Bordetella pertussis attaches to host cells?

Filamentous hemagglutinin.

What historical impact did whooping cough have before vaccines were available?

It was a leading cause of death in children.

What do the acellular vaccines lack compared to whole-cell vaccines?

They do not induce a strong T helper 17 response.

What is a common outcome of a whooping cough infection in young children?

Severe coughing fits that can lead to exhaustion.

What is the effect of cyclic AMP on cells during a Bordetella pertussis infection?

It leads to cell death and damage.

What can the mucus be rich in that prevents bacterial growth?

Antimicrobial peptides.

What is a major factor in the immune evasion by Bordetella pertussis?

The production of various toxins.

What can excessive coughing in children due to whooping cough lead to?

Vomiting and exhaustion.

What immune system component does Bordetella pertussis compromise?

Mucosal escalator function.

What significance do resident memory cells have in fighting whooping cough?

They play a crucial role in memory immune response.

What is a key component of Bordetella pertussis that contributes to its inflammatory response?

Lipopolysaccharides.

When did vaccination efforts significantly reduce whooping cough cases?

After the 1950s and 1960s.

What happens to the mucus lining when the mucosal escalator is compromised?

Bacteria can proliferate in the airway.

What evolutionary adaptations do Bordetella pertussis bacteria exhibit?

They adapt to survive against immune attacks.

Why is iron important for Bordetella pertussis?

It is necessary for their respiratory chain and dealing with oxidative stress.

What can the increase in whooping cough cases in recent years be attributed to?

The lower efficacy of the acellular vaccine in stimulating immune responses.

What is described as a trial phase in the context of whooping cough?

The immune system's initial, minor symptomatic response.

What type of immunity does the immune system initially try to combat Bordetella pertussis with?

Innate immunity.

What is the outcome of the toxins on epithelial cells from Bordetella pertussis?

It leads to cell destruction.

What is one major historical reference point where whooping cough was mentioned?

Persia.

What research findings have improved understanding of Bordetella pertussis immune response?

The importance of T helper 17 responses.

What should be included when referencing studies related to whooping cough?

Proper citations and supporting literature.

How does Bordetella pertussis impact the effectiveness of macrophages?

It targets and inhibits macrophage function.

What long-term impact does whooping cough have on children's health?

It can lead to severe respiratory complications.

Why are ongoing vaccinations important against Bordetella pertussis?

To maintain immunity and prevent resurgence of the disease.

What is the classic symptom of whooping cough related to coughing?

Paroxysmal cough.

What can prolonged coughing in infants due to whooping cough increase the risk of?

Serious respiratory distress.

What aspect of immunity do many studies focus on in relation to Bordetella pertussis?

Adaptive immune responses and memory cell effectiveness.

What mechanism helps Bordetella pertussis access nutrients in the host?

Secretion of siderophores to extract iron.