u5 cardiovascular system

7000 liters

how many liters a day does your heart pound

pulmonary

used when referring to the lungs

cardiac, cardio, cardial, etc.

used when referring to the heart

arteries

blood vessel takes blood AWAY from heart, Strong, more elastic vessels

veins

blood vessel that takes blood TO the heart

pericardium

membrane that surrounds the heart

parietal walls

membrane on the walls surrounding the heart

Pericardial cavity

space between the heart and walls

epricardium

most superficial layer of heart

myocardium

middle layer of heart

endocardium

deepest layer of heart

coranary arteries

blood vessels that take OXYGENATED blood to the heart wall (away from inside of heart)

coranary veins

blood vessels that take DEoxygenated blood away from the heart wall, back to the inside of the heart

artium

2 Upper Chambers (right, left), Thin walls of muscle

ventricles

2 Lower Chambers (right, left), Thick walls of muscle, left wall VERY big.

base

top of the heart

apex

bottom of heart

interventricular septum

wall separating ventricles

auricles

Ear-like flaps on either side of atrium, Where the atrium are

vena cavas

brings blood in from rest of body, structures

pulmonary veins

brings oxygenated blood to left atrium

aorta

pumps blood to rest of body, oxygenated blood goes through the AORTIC VALVE to get here

pulmonary artery

takes deoxygenated blood to lungs

valves

prevents backflow of blood

tricuspid valve

valve between Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

bicuspid valve

between Left Atrium and Left Ventricle, Two leaflets

Chordae Tendinae

Attached to each valve, muscles

Papillary Muscles

Muscles that attach to Chordae Tendinae

Semilunar Valves

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

Pulmonary Valve:

At base of Pulmonary Artery, Prevents backflow.

Aortic Valve:

At base of Aorta, Prevents backflow

Septums

interatrial and interventricular septums, walls

Interatrial septum

wall that separates the right and left atrium

Oxygenated blood

oxygen rich blood

Deoxygenated blood

carbon dioxide rich blood

VAVALVAVA

vena cavas, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

right atrium receives what kind of blood

deoxygenated blood from body

tricuspid valve

prevents back flow of blood into the right atrium, pumps deoxygenated blood into right ventricle

pulmonary valve

prevents backflow to the right ventricle (prevents blood coming back into right ventricle by closing)

lungs

where carbon dioxide leaves the blood and goes (to be exhaled) and oxygen (which was inhaled) enters into the blood. The blood is now oxygenated blood.

Left Atrium

oxygenated blood enters, blood comes from pulmonary veins

Left Ventricle

Oxygenated blood goes through the BICUSPID VALVE

it needs to pump the blood out to the entire body

why is there a huge muscular wall by the left ventricle?

bicuspid valve

prevents backflow to the left atrium (prevents blood coming back into left atrium by closing)

A-V valves

open when the papillary muscles pull on the chordae tendineae to open the leaflets

semilunar valves

open by pressure from the blood when the ventricles contract

Capillaries

EXCHANGE occurs at capillaries oxygenated becomes deoxygenated, smallest diameter blood vessels in the body, Connect arterioles to venules, Walls are thin in order to substances to pass through, blood moves slowest, exchanges gases, nutrients, water, vitamins, wastes

superior vena cava

receives blood from upper half of body

infererior vena cava

receives blood from lower half of body

pulmonary circuit

Sends deoxygenated blood to lungs to get oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.

pulmonary circuit

Pulmonary Artery, Lungs, Pulmonary Veins

systemic circuit

Sends oxygenated blood to the body organs and removes wastes (carbon dioxide).

systemic circuit

Aorta, General arteries, General capillaries, General veins, Superior/inferior vena cava

systole

contracts

diastole

relaxed

ventricles are relaxed while

atria are contracting

Atria contract

atrial systole

Ventricles relax

ventricular diastole

Ventricles contract

ventricular systole

Atria relax

atrial diastole

atrium contracts to send blood to ventricles, tri/bis open

Atrial systole, Ventricular diastole

ventricles contract to send blood to heart, tri/bis closed

Atrial diastole, Ventricular systole

lubb

ventricular systole, A-V valves closing

dupp

ventricular diastole, semilunar valves closing

cardiac conduction system

cardiac cycle completed, heartbeat

electricity

what your heart is run by

An impulse

is sent through the heart in order to tell your heart when and how to beat

SA and AV nodes

small masses of specialized cardiac muscle.

SA node

superior right atrium, pacemaker of the heart, electrical impulse begins

AV node

inferior right atrium, provides conduction pathway for impulse to get from atrium to ventricles, backup pacemaker

Atrial Contraction

SA node sends impulse for the heart to beat, impulses sent down right and left atrium initiating them to contract almost simultaneously, impulse arrives at A-V node (what chamber contracts)

Ventricular Contraction:

impulse sent down interventricular septum, impulse sent to right and left ventricles walls initiating them to contract, Ventricles contract as a unit (what chamber contracts)

Purkinje Fibers

specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles that allow electricity to flow through them

fibrillation

small areas of the myocardium (heart muscle) contract in an uncoordinated, chaotic fashion

atrial fibrillation

not fatal, fibrillation

ventricular fibrillation

fatal, fibrillation

EKG

electrocardiogram, recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium (heart muscle) during a cardiac cycle (heartbeat), used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats, nothing to do with valves

electrodes

placed on the skin and connected by wires to an instrument that records the electrical impulses in the heart

waves

up-and-down movements are recorded

polarized

when the heart is at rest, straight like

P wave

Atrial chambers depolarize, systole (contract)

QRS complex

Ventricular chambers depolarize, systole (contract) while atrial chambers repolarize, diastole (rest)

T wave

Ventricular chambers Repolarize, Diastole (relax)

Mitral Valve Prolapse

bicuspid valve falls out of place, leaflets bulge up into atrium during ventricular contraction, can lead to pain, palpitations, fatigue, and anxiety

Arrhythmias

disorder of heart rate (pulse)

Tachycardias

heart is too fast

Bradycardias

heart is too slow

blood vessles

organs of the cardiovascular system, carry blood to and from heart (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venules)

Arterioles

Arteries that are subdivided into smaller, thinner, finer branched tubes

Inner layer of artery

Smooth surface which allows blood cells and platelets to flow without damage.

Middle layer of artery

Arterial wall of smooth muscle which contracts and shrinks blood vessel when necessary.

Outer layer of artery

Connective tissue

vasoconstriction

reduce diameter, increases pressure

vasodialation

increase the diameter, decreases pressure

Precapillary Sphincters:

constrict to allow less blood to flow to an area of the body or vice versa, involuntary

Venules:

Small, fine blood vessels that branch off from capillaries and lead to veins.

carotid artery

Goes to neck and head

brachial artery

Goes down arm

femoral artery

goes down legs

blood pressure

force the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood arteries, high when ventricles contract, low when ventricles relax