cmsd 4170 unit 1- communication development

what is communication?

information being shared between a sender and receiver

- system is shared between or 2 more people

what is language?

our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

what is speech?

sounds that produce language

what are the stages of communication?

preintentional, pre-symbolic, symbolic intentional

preintentional communication

when a child unintentionally communicates to receive a desired action

- occurs from birth to 7 months

pre-symbolic intentional

when a child purposely communicates but does not use a form of language

- typically occurs after 7 months

symbolic intentional

when a child purposely communicates with an effective form of language

- typically occurs around 12 months

- uses words that have symbolic forms

example of preintentional

a baby crying

example of pre-symbolic intentional

- eye contact

- gestures- pointing

- vocalizations- groaning, whining

example of symbolic intentional

when a child reaches for a bottle and saying "ba ba"

what are the 3 domains of communication?

1. form

2. use

3. content

what is form?

how gestures, sounds, words, and sentences are organized and arranged to convey content

which domains of language fall under form?

- syntax

- morphology

- phonology

which domain of language falls under content?

semantics

which domain of language falls under use?

pragmatics

syntax

how words are organized

- simple vs complex

morphology

structure of words

- free vs bound morphemes

phonology

the study of speech sounds in language

semantics

Meaning of words and sentences

- lexicon

- vocabulary

pragmatics

the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context

what are the 5 domains of language?

phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

mean for children's first word

12 months

what makes a word a true word?

- word is a close approximate to the adult form

- generalized use/proper context

- similar pronunciation to the adult form

when do kids start to put language together?

2 years

12 to 18 months children acquire

a 50 word lexicon

mean length of utterance (MLU)

average number of morphemes per utterance

MLU equation

MLU = total # of morphemes/total # of utterances

vocabulary spurt

A phenomenon occurring around 18 months of age when the pace of word learning quickens dramatically. Toddlers typically learn 7 to 9 words a day.

underextension

when children used their newly learned words to specific objects or actions rather than to a category of objects or actions

example of underextension

a child might say the word cup and only apply it to their favorite green sippy cup

overextension

when a child uses a newly learned word in a wider context that adults would normally use

example of overextension

calling every animal "doggie"

derivational morphology

the creation of new words by adding prefixes and suffixes

example of derivational morphology

suffix: -er to bright; brighter

fast mapping

a child's initial exposure to a word accompanied by the rapid acquisition of a general sense of meaning

decontextualized language skills

when language does not rely on immediate context clues and is used when discussing abstract concepts and non-immediate scenarios

Example of decontextualized language

a child commenting on his birthday cake from yesterday

- "mommy made me a Superman cake"

oral language

a child's receptive language abilities in phonological, grammatical, lexical, and discourse competence

phonological awareness

the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language

print awareness

children's understanding of the forms and functions of written language