English: Communication + Factors that Affect Public Speaking

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Communication

• the process of sharing information, ideas, or feelings between people using verbal or non-verbal methods.

communicare

(Greek)

• to share or make common

1. Thinking

2. Symbolizing

3. Expressing

4. Transmitting

5. Receiving

6. Decoding

7. Reaction/Feedback

8. Monitoring

Stages of the Communication Process

Thinking

• you form an idea

• toc: intrapersonal (within yourself)

Symbolizing

• you choose the words or actions to express that idea

• toc: intrapersonal

Expressing

• you actually speak or gesture

• toc: verbal or non-verbal

Transmitting

• your message travels through sound, visuals, etc.

• toc: interpersonal/group

Receiving

• they fully receive the message

• toc: interpersonal

Decoding

• the audience hears or sees the message and tries to understand it

• toc: interpersonal

Reaction/ Feedback

• they respond through nodding, asking, and reacting

• toc: interpersonal

Monitoring

• you observe how they respond and adjust if needed

• toc: speaker self-awareness

Public Speaking

• the act of speaking in front of a live audience with the purpose of informing, persuading, entertaining, or inspiring.

Verbal Communication

• uses words—either spoken or written—to share information

1. Speaking Discussions

2. Writing

Forms of Verbal Communication:

Non-Verbal Communication

• uses actions, expressions, and other signals—not words—to convey meaning.

1. Paralanguage

2. Facial Expressions

3. Gestures

4. Body Language

5. Eye Contact

6. Tactile

7. Object Language

8. Sign Language

Types of Non-Verbal Communication:

Paralanguage

• how something is said

• ex: tone, pitch, volume, speaking speed, and pauses

Facial Expressions

• emotions shown on the face

• ex: smiling, frowning, and raised eyebrows

Gestures

• hand or arm movements

• ex: thumbs up, waving, and pointing

Body Language

• posture and movement

• ex: slouching (bored) and standing straight (confident)

Eye Contact

• use of eyes to connect or communicate

• ex: looking directly (confidence), avoiding (nervousness)

Tactile

• communication through touch

• ex: handshake, pat on the back, and hugs

Object Language

• use of clothing, accessories, and personal belongings

• ex: wearing a uniform, fashion style, tattoos, paintings, etc.

Sign Language

• formal language using hand signals

• ex: Filipino sign language (FSL) and American sign language (ASL)

1. Poker Face

2. Tensed or Strained Face (Facial Contortionist)

3. Exaggerated or Overacting Face (Overacting Mugger)

Expressions to Avoid:

Poker Face

• a blank, emotionless expression.

• tt can make you look bored, uninterested, or robotic. your audience won’t know how you feel about what you're saying and they’ll feel disconnected from you.

Tensed or Strained Face (Facial Contortionist)

• overly tight or exaggerated facial muscles, especially from nervousness such as clenched jaw, furrowed brows, or forced expressions.

• it makes you appear uncomfortable or too anxious, which can distract your audience or make them feel tense too.

Exaggerated or Overacting Face (Overacting Mugger)

• expressions that are too intense, like frowning too much, overly wide eyes, or dramatized looks of surprise or anger.

• it may look unnatural or even funny when you don’t mean it. it pulls attention away from your message and makes it hard for the audience to take you seriously.

• Content Factor

• Relevance Factor

• Mastery Factor

• Delivery Factor

• Technical Factor

• Environmental Factor

Factors that Affect Public Speaking

Content Factor

• does the topic make the speaker very enthusiastic in his/her delivery of the content?

• is the topic the most appropriate for the audience?

Relevance Factor

• why is the topic important to know?

• how relevant is it to the audience?

Mastery Factor

• does the speaker possess vast knowledge and skills about the topic?

• can he/she answer the questions about the topic?

Delivery Factor

• did he/she deliver a clear message?

• is his/her presentation effective?

• is the voice of the speaker able to catch the attention of the audience?

Technical Factor

• did he/she use visuals that are appropriate for his/her topic?

• did he/she use multimedia that makes his/her presentation more appealing?

• does the audio-visual apparatuses (e.g., computer, microphone, LCD projectors, wall projector screen, or laser pointers) enliven and enhance the speech?

Environmental Factor

• is the physical location fitting for the topic and the audience?

• is the place free from noise distractions?