Micro Bio EXAM 1 quizlet

Microbial Floura

To be considered as an organ of our body (does a lot of good things for body)

Antonie Van Leeukwenhoek

Invented the microscope

Spontaneous Generation

Living cells from non-living stuff

Biogenesis

Living cells from existing cells

John Needham

Idiot dude who came up witht the idea of spontaneous generation (fackin' wrong)

Louis Pasteur

This smarty pants proved Needham wrong by his experiment

Head mind in germ theory disease

Pasteurization

Lois Pasteur experiment

If spontaneous generation had been a real phenomenon, Pasteur argued, the broth in the curved-neck flask would have eventually become reinfected because the germs would have spontaneously generated. But the curved-neck flask never became infected, indicating that the germs could only come from other germs.

Germ theory of disease

People assumed others got sick from bad morals, but pasteur proved that it was microbes that made us sick

Joseph Lister

First person to use chemical agents (phenols) to kill microbes

Developed first aseptic techniques

Robert Koch

Proved germ theory by developing koch postulates

Discovered cause of anthrax

Discovered cause of tubercolosis

Koch postulates

Proved germ theory

1. Same microogranism must be present in every case of disease

2. Microorganism must be isolated in pure culture from host

3. Microbe must cause disease when inoculated into healthy animal

4. Original strain must be able to be pulled from test animal

Once it meets these guidelines, then one can assume cause of disease

Edward Jenner

Discovered vaccines by giving people cowpox which protected them from smalpox

Alexander Fleming

Developed the first antibiotic (penicillin)

Fleming-- flem--what cures flem? Antibiotics

Naming of organism

Gives genus name and species name

First (genus) is always capitalized

Always italicized

Vector transmission

Disease that is carried through arthropod species (mosquito=aholes), tick, etc)

Bacteria

Small, single celled organisms

Lack nucleus (prokaryote)

DNA is packaged in nucleoid

Have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan

Reproduce via binary fisson

Fungi

Simple eukaryotes (have nucleus)

Cell walls made of chitin-- makes it unique

Membranes contain sterols, which is what antifungals target

Prefer acidic growth of high osmolarity (high acid low water)

Reproduce via: Budding, binary fission, sporulation

Protozoa

Single celled eukaryotes

Classified by movement

Reproduction: binary fission

Sometimes spread by vectors

Virus

Not living

Very tiny

Typically just has DNA/RNA in protein coat

Obligate intracellular parasites

Vector

Animals required for spread of disease

Important: limit range of vector, limit disease

Resolving power

Ability of lensis to yield image that can distinguish two objects at a given distance from one another

Conversions of Micrometers and nanometers

1 micrometer= 10^-6 m

1 nanometer= 10^-9 m

1 micrometer= 1000 nanometers

1 nanometer= 0.001 micrometers

Light Microscopy

Visible light and glass lens (the ones in lab)

Light is low energy, so low resolving power

Can improve resolving power through immersion oil

Sample can be viewed live (darkfield optics)

Electron Microscopy

Electron beams and magnetic lens

Higher resolving power

Speciment is dead and fixed in resin

Light microscopy stains

Basic: Crystal violet, Ssfranin, methylene blue-- these stain bacteria because the stain is positively charged and the bacteria is negatively charged

Acidic (negatively charged): Stains background: Eosin, Nigrosin

Simple Stain

Stains all cells equally (methylene blue will stain all cells the same color)

Differential stain

Stain that affects different types of organisms