Ag Sci Exam 3

what is pollination

transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

what is fert

union (fusion of nuclei) of male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) and usually occurs in the plant’s flower

what are the next 3 steps to sexual repro

zygote development (fert. egg), embryo development (differentiated cells) and seed

flower develops from _____ attached by ____ and enclosed by ____

stem or branch bud, receptacle, calyx

when the flower opens, what emerges

corolla

what makes up the perianth

calyx and corolla

Perfect flower:

contains both stamen and pistil

female organs are the

carpels

pistil:

tube-like structure

stigma:

broad top of pistil

style:

tube from stigma to pistil bottom

ovary:

bottom of pistil

ovule:

hollow structure in ovary

egg production begins with

meiosis in ovary

mother cells forms what

four haploid cells- 3 deteriorate and one stays functional

what does the functional cell form

embryo sac

sac divides to form what

haploid nuclei- some become gametes

what fertilize ovules

pollen

what produce pollen

stamen- arranged around the pistil, attached by filament, anther at filament top makes pollen, then the mother cells divide and make pollen

in fert, pollen contacts ____ which recieves and secures pollen

stigma

what forms the tube to ovule

pollen

___pass through tube

gametes- one sperm unites with egg (forms zygote) and one sperm unites with polar nucleus (forms endosperm) then the zygote becomes embryo

Complete:

with sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil (or carpel)

Incomplete:

Missing one or more parts Perfect: stamen and pistil imperfect: stamen or pistil absent (includes monoecious and diecious)

monoecious:

staminate and pistilate flowers on same plant examples: squash and corn

diecious:

staminate and pistilate flowers on separate plants Ginkgo-female and male. other crop examples: asparagus, juniper, osage orange, persimmon, and sassafras

self-pollinating:

pollen from a single plant able to fertilize own egg in female flower (soybean)

cross-pollinating:

pollen from another plant required to fertilize egg in female flower (Corn)

how do insects pollinate

flowers secrete fluid (nectar), insects crawl or fly into flowers, pollen catches on insects’ bodies, insects fly to next flowers, and pollen grains transferred

what is the process of asexual propagation

grow new plant from part of existing plant, the new plant is genetically identical to the og plant

what are some advantages of asexual propagation

reproduce superior plants, speeds propagation, can increase seedless plant numbers. may occur naturally or by intervention methods

propagation by 4 specialized plant parts

tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, runners

what are the two basics of asexual propagation basics

separation and division

describe the two methods of asexual propagation

by cuttings (rootings) or by growth regulators (rooting)

what are the two methods of propagation by layering

1) simple 2) mound 3) Tip 4) Trench 5) Compound 6) Air

what are other methods of asexual propagation

grafting and tissue culture

plant repro is the foundation of

productivity

increasing reproductive efficiency increases

ag efficiency

researchers explore ways to reproduce plants more

efficiently and quickly