Anatomy - Chapter 22 Extra

Excitation of central chemoreceptors in the brain stem.

Which of the following occurs when arterial P‍_‍CO2 increases?

inhibition of peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies

pH of extracellular fluid in the brain increases

depth and rate of breathing decreases

excitation of central chemoreceptors in the brain stem

False

Narrowing of the airways and increasing resistance are hallmarks of asthma that increase airflow into the lungs. 

True

False

True

The pace of respiratory rhythm is set by the medulla. 

True

False

True

Gas exchange between blood and alveoli and between blood and tissue cells takes place by diffusion.

True

False

Alveoli

Intrapulmonary pressure is the pressure of the 

pleural cavity

external spaces around lungs

bronchus

alveoli

The pressure or amount of carbon dioxide increased.

Hemoglobin saturation could decrease because

the pressure or amount of carbon dioxide increased.

the amount of dissolved H+ has decreased.

temperatures decreased.

the pH of the blood has raised.

True

The higher the lungs compliance, the more easily they inflate.

True

False

False

Oxygen is more soluble in plasma and alveolar fluid than carbon dioxide.

True

False

True

Oxygen is transported either bound to hemoglobin or dissolved in plasma. 

True

False

The gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts.

During inspiration, air moves into the lungs because __________.

contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity

the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts

contraction of the internal intercostal muscles decreases the thoracic cavity volume

the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration

abdominal muscles contract

False

External respiration occurs in the bronchioles of the lungs. 

True

False

True

The vital capacity refers to the total amount of exchangeable air.

True

False

At sea level in the lungs.

In which scenario would hemoglobin be most saturated with oxygen?

at high altitude in metabolically active tissues

at sea level in the lungs

at high altitude in the lungs

at sea level in resting tissues

False

During exhalation, the diaphragm contracts downward and the external intercostal muscles contract.

True

False

All of these factors listed.

The amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid depends on     

the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid.

all of these factors listed.

the solubility of the gas in the liquid.

the temperature of the liquid.

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissue cells to blood.

Which of the following correctly describes internal respiration?

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the lungs.

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissue cells to blood.

Oxygen diffuses from the tissue cells to the blood.

Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood.

An increase in oxygen in the blood stream.

All of the following would influence the breathing rate and depth to increase except

a decrease in the blood pH.

an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood stream.

an increase in oxygen in the blood stream.

an increase in physical activity.

pH is more acidic.

Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where __________.

partial pressures of carbon dioxide are lower

partial pressures of oxygen are higher

pH is more acidic

temperature is lower

pH is more alkaline

False

Surfactant is secreted by Type I alveolar cells. 

True

False

The dome-shaped diaphragm rises as the inspiratory muscles relax.

Select the event that occurs during quiet expiration.

The dome-shaped diaphragm rises as the inspiratory muscles relax.

The external intercostal muscles contract to decrease the lung volume.

The intrapulmonary pressure lowers as the elastic lungs recoil passively.

The higher intrapulmonary pressure causes the lung volume to decrease.

False

The majority of carbon dioxide being transported in the blood is dissolved in plasma.

True

False

Perfusion

The amount of gas reaching the alveoli is to ventilation as the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries is to

pulmonary respiration.

internal respiration.

perfusion.

external respiration.

Nasal Conchae

Which components of the upper respiratory system enhance turbulence in the inhaled air?

posterior nasal apertures

vibrissae

nasal conchae

paranasal sinuses