Second industrial revolution

unit 2

impact of transcontinental rail road

The transcontinental railroad had an impact on America by reducing travel and shipping time across the United States. The railroad also connected markets and facilitated westward expansion, enabling the development of new communities and industries.

westward expansion motivations

A few motivations to expand west were the opportunity to own land for cheap under the Homestead Act. New machines are adapting to life on the plains, and wheat strains are adapting to grow in the climate of the plains.

Westward Expansion - Interactions with Native Americans

The interactions between Americans and native americans were difficult because, as the white settlers moved into the Great Plains, they had to battle the plains indian tribes in the Sioux Wars, which lasted 6 years.

Vertical and Horizontal Integration - Explain who used each method

Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration in the steel industry by controlling all aspects of production from raw materials to finished products being distributed. Whereas Rockefeller used horizontal integration in the oil industry, controlling other companies only at the same level as his production to reduce competition.

Inventions of the Second Industrial Revolution & Impact 

The impact of the inventions or the second revolution was immense in ways that they cover significant technological progress of the era, like the lightbulb, telephone, automobiles, and life today wouldn't even be comparable or possible without these inventions.

Immigration: America’s Reaction/What did they face?

 During the late 19th and early 20th century, America's reaction to the immense number of immigrants was mixed, ranging from native hate and restricted policies to attempting to assist them. While immigrants faced significant social, economic, and cultural challenges.

Homesteaders & Plains Indians - How were their lifestyles different? 

Homesteaders were part of the Homestead Act, people who wanted to move to the west and start more farmland, where plain indians were the tribes that lived in the plains and had lived their whole lives. 

Second Industrial Revolution - Role of Children

Children had a huge role in the second industrial revolution, in the way that without them, many companies would be without workers. They were the whole supply of employees for many businesses because they didn't have to be paid. The children were tortured by the businesses in their crazy work hours and conditions. The lack of labour laws led to the children's demise. 

Second Industrial Revolution - Immigration (Push/Pull Factors & Struggles)

leading to huge waves of immigration driven by both "push" and "pull" factors. Push factors included widespread poverty, political instability, and religious persecution in immigrants' home countries. while pull factors enabled the promise of economic opportunity, land availability, and perceived freedoms in industrialized nations like the United States. However, these immigrants often faced immense struggles upon arrival, including harsh working conditions, discrimination, cultural assimilation challenges, and nativist sentiments, shaping the social and economic landscape of their new homes.

Second Industrial Revolution - Urbanization & City Life

The Second Industrial Revolution, a period of rapid technological innovation, brought lots of  societal changes, including widespread urbanization. This era saw the start of large cities as people migrated from rural areas in search of employment and opportunities in factories and growing industries. The idea of "City Lite" could refer to the modern and illuminated urban landscapes, powered by new technologies like electricity, which transformed daily life. In these growing cities, contrasting with the earlier, darker, and less developed urban environments.