third reich midterm

three types of races

creators, bearers, destroyers

what separates aryans from other races

idealism, the ability to sacrifice self toward the greater good of the race

william jones

studied relationship between european and indo-aryan languages

where did the original indo-europeans live

pontic caspian steppe

three r’s for how the word aryan changed

racialized, reduced, reversed

intentionalism 

hitler was strong leader; had everything pre planned, top down regime

functionalism

hitler was weak dictator, regime driven by orgs and indivs, bottom up regime

Ian Kershaw

working toward the fuhrer; hitler appears to propose big ideas, individuals present ways to pursue them, hitler legally confirms his favs (famous for hitler biography)

why does the wokring toward the furher theory fit hitlers personality

he was lazy, it creates competition, fits with survival of the fittest ideology

anticosti affair

rumours germany was gonna take island off of canada coast and turn it into a miltary base 

john rabe

helped save civilians from nanjing massacre

who actually planned the autobahn

HAFRABA (hamburg via frankfurt to basel)

Fritz Todt

appointed inspector general for german roadways in 1933, later became reich minister from armaments and war products

todt’s tea behind the autobahn

sinuous curves, make you more german (nature based ethno-nationalism), reawaken nordic man’s natural inclination toward movement and adventure

jeffrey herf’s reactionary modernism

recreate and maintain pre-modern societal structures using futuristic technological means

albert speer

hitler’s main architect, succeeds fritz todd as minister of armament and war production; theory of ruin value- structures should be built such that in decay they will resemble roman models (design the present from the point of view of the distant future)

lutz and heinz heck

sons of director of berlin zoo, tries to de-extincy/back breed the aurochs

bialowieza forest

allegedly only forest in europe unchanged since the days of the auroch, implication is germans released into the proper environment will redevelop full racial characteristics

hermann goring

(third reich’s #2) reich master hunter, head of german luftwaffe (airforce)

why did resurrecting the aurochs resonate with third reich ideology

primeval things are better/genetic more valuable, viewing countries in the east as potential colonies by dominating their large animals, racial rewilding to awaken best racial traits, zoos frame collective german identity

Heinrich Himmler

SS leader, commissioned generalplan ost, interested in occupying norway

Friedrich Ratzel

anthrogeographer who coined lebensraum, influenced by darwin, analyze state like you would an organism in its natural environment, space is natural expansion of strong states into weak states, culture grows in places that can support labour pops

lebensraum

too many germanic people in a small space so we must expand eastward

3 points of race and space for lebensraum

function of the state is to protect racial purity, race is hierarchical, race needs space

konrad meyer

compiles generalplan ost

key points of generalplan ost

himmler repatriates ethnic germans and settles them across eastern europe (poland), extermination of non-germans in eastern europe, three main settlements, subservient farmers and then german defense farmers on the border

herbert backe

hunger plan/backe plan, minister of food and agriculture, responsible for implementation of hunger plan in russia

hunger/backe plan

starvation of 30-40 millions people, giving food to german army, cordoning off citites from food

vidkun quisling

leader of collaborationst norwegian nazi party (NS), puppet head of gov during occupation

why did germany invade norway and denmark

they offered naval bases so germany could take on british naval forces (new trondheim), offered a path to iron in northern sweden needed to make steel

lebensborn

SS run orphanage for racially pure children

Norwegian women

seen as valuable wombs, many children out of wedlock given to lebensborn, women married to german men stripped of norweigan citizenship

why were the nazis disappointed by norwegians

too much british and jewish influence, has experienced too little history and become soft due to position at margin of europe, too afflicted by modernism/liberalism (especially women) — interesting because nazis now showed that genetics and history influence purity of race

josef terboven

reichskommissar for norway, answerable to hitler