grasslands

Dry-ground meadows are located

peat muck

The share of grassland ecosystems in world land area is about

23%

In Europe, permanent grassland has the largest share of agricultural land in:

Austria,Switzerland

The hydrological function of grassland is:

Soil protection against erosion

The optimal average daily air temperature for the growth and development of grass vegetation is

15-18*

Protective function of grassland is

Protection of floristic and biodiversity

Grass species dominating in the sward of floodplain meadows are

Phalaris,Glyceria

Biocenotic function of grassland is

Protection of rare representative

The edaphic factor limiting the yield of meadows located on organic soils is the content of:

phosphorus

Boggy meadows are located

on wet natural not dried petlands

Most grassland species are

photophilous

Filtration and phytosanitary function of grassland is

Prevention of eutrophication

Grass species have the greatest demand for water

from tillering to heading

Mucks (post-boggy) meadows are located

on drained peatlands

Climatic function of grassland is

Air humidity

Fermented animal urine must be supplemented with

phosphorus

Partial renovation of meadow sward by oversowing/overdrilling is recommended when

the thickness is larger than 1cm

What method for grassland sward renovation do you recommend on an organic farm infested by Deschampsia caespitosa and rhizome weeds, when their share in sward is 40%

completely renovation

Grass species dominating in the sward of dry-ground, impoverished meadows are

Nardus stricta,agrostis cappilaris

What method for grassland sward renovation do you recommend on an organic farm, in the pasture with open sward (with a lot of gaps) caused by winter damages

partial renovation

Improvement of soil pH is achieved

Rock powders

Regeneration of meadow sward by the method of fertilization and proper management is recommended when

50%

The complete sward renovation by cultivation method is recommended when

above 30

In dry post-boggy habitat the recommended date for sward renovation by overdrilling is

early spring

Grass species dominating in the sward

Agrostis stolonifera, deschampia caespitosa

In organic farming, the source of nitrogen should be

natural form fertillizer

Grass species dominating in the sward of flooded, periodically dry meadows are

Alopecurus, Arhenatherum

In Poland, the largest area is covered by

dry-ground meadows

What properties should the species used for sward renovation by overdrilling have

fast rate of initial growth

Species dominating

Alopecurus,Poa

The best farm fertilizer

slurry

The time to apply manure

eary spring

Variants of rotational grazing are:

strip grazing

Pasture utilization ration depends on:

stocking rate

Strip grazing characterized by:

feed intake is portioned

The stocking rate cannot exceed 2 large pieces per 1 ha of:

arable land

Advisable to mow meadows on height of

5-6cm

Correct mowimg term is

flowering phase

Good hay

15-17%

animal urine must be suplemented

with phosphorous

The low dry matter content makes the fermentation process:

loss of juices

In organic farming, the recommended optimal doses of manure for meadows are:

5-10 t/ha per year

Plant material for haylage contains:

over 35%

Slurry contains:

as much nitrogen as potassium

On pastures, a significant amount of potassium returns to the soil as a result of ar droppings:

True

Proper technique of mowing

from inside of meadow

The optimal content of potassium from the nutritional point of view:

about 2%

Features of good silage

ph 4.1-4.9