Studied by 2 people
Element
Contains only one type of atoms. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Compound
two or more elements chemically combined
Radius of atom
1x10^-10m
Radius of a nucleus
1x10^-14m
Ions
Charged particle formed whenever an atom gains or loses electrons
Cations
positively charged ions
Anions
negatively charged ions
Isotopes
Atoms that have the same atomic number and different mass numbers
Diatomic
Only two atoms are covalently bonded in the molecule
Molecule
two or more atoms covalently bonded
Alloys
a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
Nanoparticles size
1nm/1x10^-9m
Nanoparticles
A structure that is 1 - 100nm in size and contains a few hunderd atoms
Sublimation
Change from the soild state to the gas state without going through the liquid state
Relative atomic mass
the mass of an atom compared with the mass of the carbon-12 isotope
Water of crystallisation
Water that is chemically bonded into crystal structure
Hydrated solid
one that contains water of crystallisation
anhydrous substance
one that does not contain water of crystallisation
Degree of hydration
The number of moles of water of crystallisation per mole compound
Removing water of crystallisation
Removed from a hydrated substance by heating it to constant mass
Acid
a substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
Base
a substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
Alkali
water soluble base
Salt
A compound that is formed whenever some or all of the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions
strong acid/alkali
These will completely ionise in water, will dissociate to produce a large quantity of H+ or OH- ions
weak acid/alkali
These are only partially ionised in water
Concentrated
Large number of acid/alkali particles per unit volume of solution
Dilute
Small number of acid/alkali particles per unit volume of solution
Concentration unit
mol/dm^3 (moles per decimetre cubed)
pure substance
A single element or compound, not mixed with any other substance
Formulation
Mixture of different subsatances in carefully measured quantities that has been designed as a useful product
Solute
The soild that is being dissolved
Solvent
The liquid in which the solute is dissolved
Solution
A mixture of a dissolved solute and a solvent
Satureated solution
One in which no more solute will dissolve at a certain temperature
Miscible
describes liquids that dissolve in one another in all proportions
Immiscible
Liquids that do not mix but instead separate into two layers
Solubility
The mass of solute require to saturate 100g of water at a certain temperature
Unit of solubility
g/100g
Formula of an ionic compound
The ratio of ions involved in its lowest terms
Formula of a covalent compound
The number of each type of atom present in the molecule
allotropes
Different forms of the same element that exist in the same physical state
displacement reactions of the halogens
a more reactive halogen will displace less reactive halogens form solutions containings halide ions
Note 
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