World Hsitory final

Leopold II

Belgium king who treated the Congo poorly

Social Darwinism

Idea of stronger race should rule weaker one

Racism

One race is better than others

Berlin conference attendees

Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway, and Turkey.

Berlin Conferance unattendees

Africans leaders

Berline Conference 1884-1885

Conference to divide Africa peacefully, outcome was Africa split colonization

2 countries in Africa that avoid conquered

Ethiopia and Liberia

Imperialism

Powerful country control and exploit a weaker one for resources

Assimilation

A policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs.

Indirect control

Local governments were allowed, and limited self rule. Eventually the colonies would be able to rule themselves.

Direct control

Foreign officials brought in to rule, no self rule, goal: assimilation, government institutions are based only on European styles.

Colony

a land ruled by another country

Protectorate

Local rulers remained but were controlled by a stronger country

Sphere of influence

Ab area where a foreign country control trade or investment

Economic imperialism

A private company dominated by a country's economy

Geopolitics

taking land for its strategic location or resources

Annexation

Adding a territory to a country by force or agreement

Crop to cash native

Native had less food to eat and they were force to grow crops: cottons or tabaco

Oil in Persia

Persia more valuable; Britain and Russia compete for control

Suez Canal

Egypt go in depth and Britain took over and control Egypt

Lifeline of the Empire

The canal shorten travel from Britain to its colonies.

Jewel in the Crown

India, resources and big markets for Britain to be rich

Sepoy Muntiny

1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

Raj

British dominion over India (1858-1947)

Spanish-American War

U.S gain Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino leader who fought Spain first then U.S control

Hawaii 1893

U.S sugar planter overthrew Queen Lilioukalani

Hawaii 1898

The US annexed Hawaii

Open door policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Militarism

Belief a country should have strong military and be ready to used it

Total war

When a country use all resources for war

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary; assassinated in 1914 which start ww1

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's plan to quickly defeat France then fight Russia but failed

Powder Keg

Balkan peninsula area was nicknamed this because so many conflicts broke out there

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)

Treaty between Russia and germany; russia left the war, giving Germany land

Zimmerman Note

A secret German message asking mexico to attack U.S in return for land and it angered the U.S and bring them to war

Fourteen Points (1918)

A list of foreign policy goals which Woodrow Wilson hoped to achieve in the aftermath of World War I

Great Deprssion

World wide economic crisis starting in 1929- stock market crashed and bank fail, also people lost jobs and homes

Totalitarianism

Government has total control over people's lives, no freedoms

Vladimir Lenin

Lenin led the communist Bolsheviks in the russian revolution in 1917 and overthrew the czar

Russia Revolution 1917

Czar overthrown; russia became the world's first communist state- soviet union

Great Purge

Stalin killed or imprisoned millions who he though were enemies or threat to his power

Nazism

German form of fascism—focused on racism, nationalism, and obeying Hitler.

Benito Mussolini

Italian dictator who created fascism and took power by promising to fix Italy's problems.

Why hitler is supported

Promised to rebuild Germany, fix economy, and blame Jews for problems.

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack each other and secretly split Poland

Appeasement

Giving in to avoid war. Britain and France let Hitler take land (like Sudetenland) to keep peace.

Anschluss

Hitler's annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.

WW2 started

Began when Germany invaded Poland in 1939; Britain and France declared war.

Battle of midway in pacific

U.S. naval victory in 1942 that turned the tide against Japan in the Pacific.

Nureberg Laws

Nazi laws that took away Jewish rights—no citizenship, jobs, or marriages with Germans

Why Jewish got blame

Hitler blamed Jews for Germany's defeat in WWI and economic problems.

Dunkirk

British soldiers were rescued from France by boats in a massive evacuation.

Battle of Britain

Germany bombed Britain; Britain resisted using radar and strong air force

D day

Allied forces invaded Nazi-occupied France. Major turning point in the war. (Operation overlord)

Holocaust

Nazi plan to kill all Jews—6 million murdered in concentration camps

Kristallnacht

Night of Broken Glass—Nazis attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

Yalta conference

Allied leaders (Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin) met to plan post-war Europe; divided Germany.

Nuremberg Trials

Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes after WWII; some executed or jailed.

Stalin goal after ww2

Spread communism and control Eastern Europe as a buffer from the West.

Postdam Conference

U.S., Britain, USSR argued over rebuilding Europe and Germany's future.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. would help any country fighting communism (started with Greece and Turkey).

Marshall Plan

U.S. gave money to rebuild Western Europe and stop communism from spreading

Korean war

North Korea (communist) invaded South; U.S. and UN helped South. War ended in stalemate.

U.S policy cold war

Containment—stop communism from spreading anywhere

Communist party leader china

Mao Zedong

Nationalist party leader china

Chiang Kai-Shek

Perestroika

Gorbachev's policy to fix economy by adding limited capitalism.

Déntente

Easing of Cold War tensions, especially in the 1970s.

Brinkmanships

Threatening nuclear war to scare the enemy into backing down.

Vietnamization

U.S. plan to slowly remove troops and let South Vietnam fight its own war

Iron Curtain

Symbolic divide between communist East and democratic West Europe.

Cuban Missile Crisis

The 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

VIetnam war leaders

Ho: Communist leader of North Vietnam.

Diem: U.S.-backed leader of South Vietnam (unpopular

Cuban Revolution

Batista: U.S.-backed dictator in Cuba.

Castro: Led Cuban Revolution, made Cuba communist.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet leader who reformed USSR with glasnost and perestroika; helped end Cold War

Perestroika

Restructuring the Soviet economy—allowed some private business.

Glasnost

"Openness"—allowed more freedom of speech and press in USSR.

Liberation Theology

Created by Gustavo Gutiérrez, Christian movement that focuses on helping the poor and fighting injustice, especially in Latin America

British colony

Kenya

French colony

Algeria

Portuguese colony

Angola

Nelson Mandela

Anti-apartheid leader who became South Africa's first Black president in 1994

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Arab leader, set out to modernize Egypt and end western domination, nationalized the Suez canal, led two wars

Mahatma Gandhi

The primary leader of India's independence movement against British rule. He advocagted for nonviolent civil disobedience as a powerful tool for social and political change.

Kwame Nkrumah

founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first priesident

Apartheid

A system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. It involved the systematic oppression and denial of rights to the majority black population.

Francophone Africa

French-speaking Africa

Anglophone Africa

English Speaking Africa

Lusophone Africa

Portuguese Speaking Africa