APHG - Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards - *Thinking Geographically*

1.1 - 1.7

Cartographer

A person who makes maps

Relative Distance

Distance in relation to other things

Relative Location

Location in relation to other places or areas

Absolute distance

The exact distance between places

Absolute location

The exact location of a place (coordinates, address, ect.)

Large-scale map 

A detailed

Medium-scale map

An entire state

Large-scale map

All of U.S

Robinson Projection

Mercator Projection 

Gall-Peters Projection

Azimuthal Projection

Reference Map

Maps with generalized sources of geographic data that focus on location 

Thematic Map

Maps that have a theme or specific purpose and focus on the relationship among geographic data

Isoline Map

Lines that connect data points used to show particular characteristics of data

Graduated Symbols Map

Differently sized symbols used to indicate quantitative data

Cartogram Map

Show relative size of an area based on a particular attribute 

Dot Map

Dots show specific observations or events, like crimes, births, and deaths

Choropleth Map

Uses colors and shading to represent categories of data

Quantative 

relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something 

Qualative

relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something

Census

an official court or survey of a population, typically recording various details

GIS - Geographic Info Systems 

visualizes geographic and spatial data to understand patterns here 

Topography

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area

Remote Sensing

gathering info about the Earth's physical characteristics from a distance

Global Positioning System (GPS)

a net work of satellites orbiting the earth to send signals

Physical Geography

the study of natural processes and distribution of features in an enviroment

Human Geography

the study of events and processes that have shaped how humans use earth

Spatial Perspective

refers to where something occurs

Ecological perspective

the relationship between living things and their environment

Location

the position of a point or object occupies on earth

Place 

related to but different from location, an area

Site

refers to a places absolute location and physical characteristics

Situation

refers to a places location in relation to other places or its surrounding features 

Space

refers to the area between two or more things in Earth's surface

Distributed

the way something is spread out or arranged across a specific area

Density

the number of things (people, animals, or objects) in a specific area

Pattern

how things are arranged in a particular space

Spatial Concepts

location, place, space, flows pattern, distance, decay, and time space compression

Human Environment Interaction (HEI)

how human interact with the environment 

Environmental Determinism

the study of how the physical environment (natural environment) shapes human culture

Sustainability

the balance between meeting human needs in the present and ensuring future generation can meet their own needs through responsible resource management

Scale 

how distance on a map compass to distance on the ground 

Region

an area of Earth's surface with certain characteristics

Formal Region

an area that has one or more shared traits (The Rocky Moutains)

Functional Region

an area organized by its function around a focal point or the center of an interest or activity (cities)

Node

the focus of the region (downtown)

6 Types of Land Use

• Residential (homes, apartments)

• Recreational (parks, camp grounds)

• Transportation (airports, bus stations, roads)

• Agricultural (farms, ranches)

• Industrial (factories, businesses)

• Commercial (malls, restaurants)

Scales of Analysis

• Global (entire world)

• Regional (specific to one area - general)

• National (specific to a nation)

• Local or Sub-national (specific info / lots of detail)

Small scale map

generalized + less detail (zoomed out)

Large scale map

more detailed (zoomed in)

Scale of analysis 

How data is shown on a map

Perceptual Region

A region based on perception or human ideas, thoughts, or opinions