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English

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29 Terms

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Phonological Environment
________: corresponds to the segments after or before a given phone, or the place it occupies in the word or utterance.
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Phonetic
________: relates to the articulation, transmission, and perception of all speech sounds in all the human languages.
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Allophone
________: member of a phoneme with "similar "sounds.
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Phoneme
________: minimal sound unit which distinguish meanings.
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Phonemic Phonological
________: relates to the phonemes of a language.
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Phonemic/Phonological
relates to the phonemes of a language
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Phonetic
relates to the articulation, transmission, and perception of all speech sounds in all the human languages
8
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Phonological Environment
corresponds to the segments after or before a given phone, or the place it occupies in the word or utterance
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Phoneme
minimal sound unit which distinguish meanings
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Allophone
member of a phoneme with "similar" sounds
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Facilitation
similarities between two systems. It is also called "positive transfer".
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Interference
differences between two systems. It is also called "negative transfer".
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Lenis
English consonants which tend to be articulated with relatively weak energy.
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Fortis
English consonants which tend to be articulated with relatively strong energy.
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Complete closure
affricates, nasals, plosives.
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Partial closure
laterals.
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Intermittent closure
flap or roll [ ɾ, r ].
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Narrowing with friction
fricatives.
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Narrowing without friction
approximants.
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Oral speech sound
is produced when the position of the velum or soft palate is raised.
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Nasal sounds
are produced when the velum is lowered.
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Obstruents
when the constriction to the airflow through the vocal tract is sufficient to cause noise.
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Sonorants
voiced sounds in which there is no noise component.
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Obstruents (cons)
plosives, fricatives and affricates.
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Sonorants (cons)
nasals, lateral, approximants and vowels.
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Air
raw material of speech.
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Airstream mechanism
pulmonic egressive.
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Free variation
when two or more allophones can be found in the same phonological environment.
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Complementary distribution
when two or more allophones cannot be found in the same phonological environment.