bio9

The Central Dogma of Biology states that _ is _ _, which is then _ into _. (Word bank: Translated, Transcribed, Protein, RNA, DNA)

DNA, transcribed, RNA, translated, protein

It plays a structural role in ribosomes and helps drive chemical reactions.

rRNA

It is the copy made from DNA that provides the template for protein synthesis during
translation.

mRNA

It reads the mRNA during translation and brings amino acids.

tRNA

This organelle is where the DNA is stored.

Nucleus

This organelle is responsible for protein production.

Ribosome

Name the nucleotide base that is used instead of thymine in an RNA strand.

Uracil

DNA and RNA are read in groups of three nucleotides, which codes for a specific amino
acid, and are called

codons

What’s the purpose of protein synthesis?

Trait development (DNA becoming reality)

Polypeptide=

protein

amino acid=

building block of life

tRNA

carries amino acids to ribosome and matches theme to coded mRNA message

rRNA

Forms important part of both subunits of the ribosome

mRNA

carries instructions for polypeptide synthesis from nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm

Only RNA

1 strand, Base Uracil, A-U, Sugar is ribose, found in cytoplasm, “Working copy”

Only DNA

2 strands, base thymine, A-T, stays in nucleus, sugar is deoxyribose, “master copy”

Both DNA and RNA

Contains nucleic acids, A,C,G, sugar phosphate backbone

1

Nucleus

2

DNA

3

Transcription

4

Translation

5

Cytoplasm

6

mRNA

7

tRNA

8

Ribosome and rRNA

9

Polypeptide/Protein

10

Amino Acid

Mutation

Change in genetic material

The development of traits is affected by 2 things

DNA, environment

Factors in the environment that cause mutations are called…

Mutagens

Examples of mutagens

drugs, radiation, carcinogens, toxins

#1 cause of mutation is…

DNA replication

Gene mutations involving a change in one or a few nucleotides are known as _ because they occur at a single point in the DNA sequence

point mutations

Point mutations include…

substitutions, insertions, and deletions

Frameshift mutation is caused by either _ or _ and it is shift in the codons causing a misreading of the genetic information (shift of the reading frame of the genetic message)

insertion, deletion

Transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code^.

Translation

The synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template, where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein