Impact of Chemical Spills and Separation Methods

Chemical Spill Effects on Marine Ecosystems

1. Habitats of organisms are destroyed, so they have no shelter and die. 2. The food source of producers is reduced, which affects all organisms in the food web.

Methods to Minimize Chemical Spill Effects

1. Dispersants break oil clumps into smaller particles, spreading them over a larger area. 2. Booms are floating devices that prevent the pollutant from spreading to other areas.

Evaporating

A separation method shown by evaporating.

Decanting

A separation method shown by decanting.

Filtering

A separation method shown by filtering.

Separating Insoluble Solid from Liquid

Filtering / Decanting

Separating Soluble Solid from Liquid

Evaporating

Using Different Densities

Decanting

Using Different Boiling Points

Evaporating

Using Different Particle Sizes

Filtering

Separating Two Different Liquids

Decanting / Evaporating

Collecting Both Substances when Separated

Decanting / Filtering

Words for Comparing Equipment

Both and

Words for Contrasting Equipment

But, while, however

First Step in Separating Sand and Salt

Add water to dissolve the salt.

Second Step in Separating Sand and Salt

Decant the mixture to leave sand at the bottom.

Third Step in Separating Sand and Salt

Filter to remove sand from the saltwater solution.

Fourth Step in Separating Sand and Salt

Heat to evaporate the water, leaving salt behind.

Possible pH Values for Acidic Substances

Less than 7

Possible pH Values for Basic Substances

More than 7

pH Value for Neutral Substances

Exactly 7

Universal Indicator Colors for Acidic Substances

Red, orange, yellow

Universal Indicator Colors for Basic Substances

Blue-green, blue, purple

Universal Indicator Color for Neutral Substances

Green

pH Range for Color Red on Universal Indicator

0 - 3

pH Range for Color Orange on Universal Indicator

3 - 5

pH Range for Color Yellow on Universal Indicator

5 - 6.99

pH Value for Color Green on Universal Indicator

7

pH Range for Color Blue-Green on Universal Indicator

7.01 - 10

pH Range for Color Blue on Universal Indicator

10 - 12

pH Range for Color Purple on Universal Indicator

12 - 14

Neutralization

When an acid reacts with just enough base to form a solution with a pH value of exactly 7.

Result of Neutralization Reaction

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Product of Hydrochloric Acid and Lithium Hydroxide

Lithium chloride + water

Product of Sulfuric Acid and Potassium Hydroxide

Potassium sulfate + water

Product of Nitric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium nitrate + water

Acid Used to Make Copper Sulfate

Sulfuric acid

Acid Used to Make Copper Nitrate

Nitric acid

Acid Used to Make Copper Chloride

Hydrochloric acid

Food Web

Many food chains joined together.

Arrows on a Food Web

The flow of energy from one organism to the next.

Starting Point of All Food Chains

A producer