Maddie Robinson Chapter 5- Osteology

5 functions of skeletal system

support, protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood cells

most protected organs

brain and spinal cord

ligaments

connect bone and bone

tendon

connect muscle and bone

hematopoiesis

create blood

part of body most active in producing blood cells

vertebrae, sternum, ribs

axial vs appendicular skeleton

axial- skull, vertebral column, ribcage

appendicular- pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

total bones in the skull

29

total bones in vertebral column

26

total bones in ribcage

25

total bones in axial skeleton

80

total bones in appendicular skeleton

126

total bones in body

206

sutures

non-moveable joints

fontanels

uncalcified angles of parietal bones

para-

with

the paranasal sinuses

frontal, ethmoidal cells, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus

auditory tube connection

throat

three ossicles

malleus, incus, stapes

cause facial growth

eruption of teeth, enlargement of air sinuses

congenital

with birth

achondroplastic dwarfism

classic dwarfism

cleft lip

incomplete fusion of maxillae

cleft lip frequency

1/1000

cleft palate

partial/complete failure of palatine processes of maxillae

cleft palate frequency

1/2500

dactyly

digit

spina bifida

incomplete fusion of vertebral arches

club foot

foot turned inward at the ankle

congenital hip dislocation

hip isn’t large enough to hold femur in place

rickets

decreased calcium in bone tissue

rickets symptoms

bowed legs

osteoporosis

decreased calcium in bone tissue

osteoporosis symptoms

brittle, easily broken bones

cause of osteoporosis

post menopause in women

acromegaly

thickening of bones

disorder caused from excess growth hormone in children

gigantism

simple fracture

closed

compound fracture

open

incomplete fracture

stress fracture

cause of rickets

vitamin d deficiency

comminuted fracture

shattered

osteomas

benign bone tumor

osteosarcoma

malignant bone tumor

fissure

slit between bones for nerves to pass

foramen

opening where blood vessels, nerves, ligaments pass

meatus

tubelike opening

paranasal sinuses

cavities around nose

groove/sulcus

furrow along bone to accommodate blood vessel, nerve, tendon

fossa

shallow depression