Chapter 13

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the respiratory system terminology, facilitating study and review.

Alveolus

Tiny air sac terminal element of the respiratory tract.

Alveoli

Plural form of the word alveolus.

Alveolar

Pertaining to the alveoli.

Bronchus

One of two subdivisions of the trachea.

Bronchi

Plural form of the word bronchus.

Bronchiole

Increasingly small subdivisions of bronchi.

Cilium

Hairlike motile projection from the surface of a cell.

Cilia

Plural form of the word cilium.

Larynx

Organ of voice production.

Laryngeal

Pertaining to the larynx.

Olfaction

Sense of smell.

Olfactory

Carries information related to the sense of smell.

Pharynx

Air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx.

Pharyngeal

Pertaining to the pharynx.

Respiration

Fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Respiratory

Pertaining to respiration.

Thorax

The trunk between the abdomen and neck.

Thoracic

Pertaining to the thorax.

Trachea

Air tube from the larynx to the bronchi.

Ventilation

Movement of gases into and out of the lungs.

Adenoid

Single mass of lymphoid tissue in midline at the back of the throat.

Concha

Shell-shaped bone on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

Conchae

Plural form of the word concha.

Cricoid

Ring shaped cartilage in the larynx.

Glottis

The opening from the oropharynx into the larynx.

Epiglottis

Leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing.

Intrinsic

Any muscle whose origin and insertion are entirely within the structure under consideration.

Laryngopharynx

Region of the pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx.

Meatus

Passage or channel; also used to denote the external opening of a passage.

Naris

Nostril.

Nares

Plural form of the word naris.

Nasal

Pertaining to the nose.

Paranasal

Adjacent to the nose.

Nasopharynx

Region of the pharynx at the back of the nose above the soft palate.

Nasopharyngeal

Pertaining to the nasopharynx.

Oropharynx

Region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis.

Oropharyngeal

Pertaining to the oropharynx.

Sinus

Cavity or hollow space in a bone or other tissues.

Thyroid

Gland in the neck, or a cartilage of the larynx.

Turbinate

Another name for the nasal conchae on the medial walls of the nasal cavity.

Vocal

Pertaining to the voice.

Diaphragm

Musculoligamentous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Fissure

Deep furrow or cleft.

Hilum

The site where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ.

Hila

Plural form of the word Hilum.

Lobe

Subdivision of an organ or other part.

Lobar

Pertaining to the lobe.

Mediastinum

Area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea.

Mediastinal

Pertaining to or part of the mediastinum.

Parenchyma

Characteristic functional cells of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework.

Stroma

Connective tissue framework that supports the parenchyma of an organ.

Trachealis

Pertaining to the trachea.

Exhale

Breathe out.

Exhalation

The process of breathing out.

Expire

Synonyms for exhale.

Expiration

Synonym for exhalation.

Inhale

Breathe in.

Inhalation

Process of breathing in.

Inflate

Expand with air.

Inflation

Process of expanding with air.

Inspire

Synonym for inhale.

Inspiration

Synonym for inhalation.

Membrane

Thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity.

Parietal

Pertaining to the outer layer of the serous membrane lining the thoracic and other body cavities.

Pleura

Membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity.

Pleurae

Plural form of the word pleura.

Pleural

Pertaining to the pleura.

Pulmonary

Pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply.

Surfactant

A protein and fat compound that reduces surface tension to hold lung alveolar walls apart.

Apnea

Absence of spontaneous respiration.

Aphonia

Loss of voice.

Hypoxemia

Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood.

Anoxia

Complete deprivation of oxygen supply.

Coryza

Viral infection of the mucous membrane of the nose.

Epiglottitis

Nosebleed.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx.

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

Croup

Synonym for laryngotracheobronchitis.

Mucopurulent

Mixture of pus and mucus.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the pharynx.

Polysomnography

Test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps.

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

Coryza

Synonym to the word rhinitis.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the lining of a sinus.

Snore

Noise produced by vibrations in the structure of the nasopharynx.

Tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsils.

Bradypnea

Slow breathing.

Compliance

Measure of the capacity of a chamber or hollow viscus to expand.

Cyanosis

Blue discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood.

Cyanotic

Marked by cyanosis.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing.

Eupnea

Normal breathing.

Expectorate

Cough up and spit out mucus from the respiratory tract.

Hemoptysis

Bloody sputum.

Hyperpnea

Deeper and more rapid breathing than normal.

Phlegm

Abnormal amounts of mucus expectorated from the respiratory tract.

Sputum

Matter coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders.

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing.

Asthma

Episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways.

Asthmatic

Pertaining to or suffering from asthma.