compressors and limiters

Dynamic Processors

Devices reducing signal range, increasing average loudness without clipping

Dynamic Range

Difference between softest and loudest parts of a signal

Compression

Leveling loudness, making mix elements predictable and controllable

Peak

Momentary loudness spike in a signal

Threshold

Sets level where compression starts, signals below not compressed

Ratio

Determines compression amount above threshold

Gain Reduction Meter

Visualizes signal reduction in dB by compression

Makeup Gain

Increases signal level post-compression for higher average volume

Attack

Speed compressor reaches full compression after threshold

Release

Speed compressor reduces compression after signal drops below threshold

Knee

Softens compression onset near threshold for smoother transition

Side-Chain

Triggers compressor on one track using signal from another

Multiband Compressors

Divide signal into bands, apply compression independently

Limiters

Compressors with infinite ratio, prevent signal exceeding threshold

Brickwall Limiter

Limiter with immediate attack to prevent signal exceeding threshold