Untitled Flashcards Set

First Impressions

Often based on physical appearance and non-verbal expressiveness.

Prejudice

Unjustifiable attitudes toward a group, including beliefs, emotions, and predispositions toward actions.

Discrimination

Negative behavior toward a group, linked to prejudice.

Stereotypes

Generalized beliefs about a group of people that create biases in perception.

Illusory Correlation

Perceived but non-existent correlation, often fueled by stereotypes.

In-group Bias

Favoring one's own group over others, leading to prejudices.

Attribution Theory

Explains how people attribute others' behaviors to internal dispositions or external situations.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Overestimating the influence of internal attributions while underestimating external situations.

Role of physical Attractiveness

Affects first impressions; attractive people are perceived as healthier and more successful.

Role of Similarity

We are more attracted to people who share common attitudes, beliefs, and interests.

Role of Reciprocity

We like those who show that they like us.

Attitudes

Feelings influenced by beliefs, guiding reactions to objects, people, and events.

Cognitive Dissonance

The disconnect experienced when our actions and attitudes do not align.

Conformity

Adjusting behavior or thinking to match group standards.

Ash Paradigm

Demonstrates the power of group pressure on individual answers.

Obedience

Compliance to explicit commands, exemplified by Milgram's experiments.

Stanford Prison Experiment

Studied the effects of assigned roles in a mock prison setting.

Emotion

Leads to motivation; consists of physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.

Personality

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

The Big Five

Personality dimensions of Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.

Psychoanalytic Approach

Focus on unconscious determinants of behavior as proposed by Freud.

Defense Mechanisms

Tactics that reduce anxiety by distorting reality.

Dissociative Disorders

Separation of conscious awareness from memories and thoughts, often in response to stress.

Major Depressive Disorder

A form of depression defined by a combination of specific symptoms lasting for two weeks or more.

Bipolar Disorder

Mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania.

Schizophrenia

A severe disorder marked by disorganized thinking, perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Cognitive Behavioral Perspective

Focuses on the interplay between thoughts, behaviors, and feelings in assessing psychological disorders.

Research Methods

Systematic approaches to gathering data and analyzing it to answer research questions.