Reconstructing ancient environments
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13 Terms
sedimentological controls
Nature of life environment
Mode and timing of any transport
Depositional environment
where to drill
often focus on the depocenter of a lake
why the depocenter of a lake
Better continuity: even if lakes contract - last areas to go terrestrial
Can have stratified water column - lower part quiet and anoxic
High temporal resolution: (sub) annual layering
deciphering clues in lake sediment records
sediment colour
types of sediment
sediment grain size
sedimentary structures
sediment colour
black - deep or stagnant water (none)
grey/green - shallow or circulating (a little)
brown/red - terrestrial (a lot)
siliciclastics
rock fragments (however transported)
carbonates
can be rock fragments, biogenic or precipitates
biogenic silica
diatoms or phytoliths
organic material
allochthonous versus autochthonous
evaporite minerals
some minerals are diagnostic of specific environmental conditions
what are evaporite minerals prone to
dissolution after precipitation
pseudomorphed
the space created by dissolution of a hopper crystal of halite has been infilled with sand
finer grain sizes
less energy
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