b6 topics paper 2 biology

What are chromosomes?

What is DNA?

DNA determines what?

Chromosomes come in

What type of molecule is DNA?

What is a gene?

Genes determine the order of

Examples of proteins

What is the genome of an organism?

Why is understanding the genome important? (3)

How is DNA structured?

What are nucleotides?

What is one nucleotide made up of?

Image of a nucleotide

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

What are the alternating bases of DNA?

What do the bases join to?

What do the order of bases in a gene determine?

Each amino acid is coded for by ____ bases

Attatched to each sugar is

Explain the process of protein synthesis (6)

Examples of proteins

What is collagen?

Define mutation

Mutations occur _____

What are the risk factors for genetic mutation?

Image of a mutation

How do mutations lead to a change in the protein synthesised? (3)

What is a genetic variant

What happens if a mutation changes the shape of an enzyme's active site?

What happens if a mutation changes the shape of a structural protein like keratin?

What is the effect of a mutation in non coding DNA (tRNA)?

What is an insertion mutation?

Insertion mutations have what effect?

What is a deletion mutation?

Deletion and insertion mutations change what?

What is a substitution mutation?

Define gamete

What is a haploid cell?

Define chromosome

Define gene

Define allele

Define dominant allele

Define recessive allele

Define homozygous

Define heterozygous

Define genotype

Define phenotype

What is sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction results in

flowering plants can reproduce

what are the gametes of plants?

What does asexual reproduction produce?

How does asexual reproduction work?

asexual reproduction results in less..

Compare sexual and asexual reproduction (4)

Explain the process of meiosis (6)

Compare mitosis and meiosis (6)

The cell produced by gamete fusion replicates via

How does an embryo develop after gamete fusion?

Advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction (3)

Advantages of asexual reproduction (4)

How can asexual reproduction lead to extinction?

Some organisms can reproduce both

How do malarial parasites reproduce?

What is malaria caused by?

How can fungi reproduce?

How can plants reproduce?

How can a strawberry plant reproduce?

___ matched pairs of chromosomes control ______

The 23rd pair of chromosomes are labelled ___ or _____

What are the sex chromosomes for a female?

What are the sex chromosomes for a male?

Sperm cells have both

Egg cells only have

Inherited genes control ____

What characteristics are controlled by a single gene?

How many alleles does each gene have?

if an organism has two of the same alleles for a particular gene , it is

If an organism has two alleles that are different for a gene, it is

Which allele is expressed

The dominant allele controls which characteristic is ___

If two alleles are recessive, the organism is said to be

The _____ is the combination of alleles

The molecular level that alleles work at to determine characteristics is the _____

What is cystic fibrosis?

What are the impacts of cystic fibrosis on the respiratory system? (how does it lead to more frequent infection?) (3)

What is the impact of cystic fibrosis on the pancreas? (4)

What is cystic fibrosis caused by?

People with one copy of the recessive allele are known as

What is the chance of offspring developing cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers

What is polydactyly?

What is polydactyly caused by?

If one parent carries the defective allele of polydactyl (and so has it), what is the chance of offspring inheriting polydactyl

What is embryonic screening?

Arguments for embryonic screening

Arguments against embryonic screening

What did mendel do

What did Mendel observe

How did Mendel discover that some hereditary units were dominant?