Institutions & Government Formation Terms

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to institutions and government formation, providing a comprehensive overview for exam preparation.

Parliamentary System

A political system where the executive (prime minister and cabinet) is chosen by and accountable to the legislature.

Presidential System

A system where the executive (president) is directly elected by citizens for a fixed term and is independent of the legislature.

Coalition

A governing alliance of two or more political parties formed to achieve a majority in the legislature.

Investiture Vote

A formal vote in parliament to approve the proposed government (e.g., prime minister and cabinet).

Connected Coalition

A coalition formed between parties that are adjacent on the ideological spectrum.

Minimum Winning Coalition (MWC)

The smallest coalition that secures a majority of legislative seats—just enough to govern.

Surplus Majority Coalition

A coalition that includes more parties than necessary for a majority.

Gamson’s Law

Predicts that in coalition governments, cabinet positions are distributed in proportion to each party’s legislative seats.