science t2

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28 Terms

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Nuclear fusion

Process in the sun's core where hydrogen atoms collide to form helium, releasing massive energy due to extreme conditions.

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Sunspot

Darker area on the sun's surface caused by cooler temperatures compared to surrounding areas.

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what are the 5 parts of the sun

Core, Radiative Zone, Convection zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere

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Core

Hottest part of the sun located at its center.

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Radiative Zone

Largest part of the sun where energy is transferred to the surface through conduction and radiation diffusion.

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Convective Zone

transfer heat through convection currents with hot plasma rising, cooling at the surface, and then sinking back down.

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Photosphere

Sun's outer shell emitting visible light.

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Chromosphere

Hot atmosphere of the Sun above the photosphere.

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Atomic number

Number of protons or electrons in an atom.

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Atomic mass

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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Atoms

building blocks of all matter with no overall charge.

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Unstable Atoms

to many neutrons

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Subatomic Particles

Protons+, Electrons-, Neutrons0, nucleus(P+N)

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Elements

Pure substances consisting of only one type of atom.

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Compounds

Substances with two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.

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Mixtures

Combination of substances not chemically bound.

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Molecules

Two or more atoms chemically bonded.

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Molecule of an element and compound

molecules with either one type of atom or 2 or more types (compound)

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Ions

Atoms or molecules with an electric charge.

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Positive and Negative Ions

less electrons than protons, more electrons than protons

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Ionic compounds

Atoms bond to form ions to achieve a full valence shell. (2,8,8)

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Atmosphere

Earth's gaseous envelope composed mainly of nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor.

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Layers of atmospere

Trophosphere, Stratosphere, mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.

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Troposphere

Lowest atmospheric layer with decreasing temperature at higher altitudes and convection currents.

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Stratosphere

Layer with increasing temperature at higher altitudes and containing the ozone layer.

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Mesosphere

Layer with decreasing temperature at higher altitudes and where meteoroids burn due to friction.

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Thermosphere

Layer with increasing temperature at higher altitudes absorbing heat from UV rays.

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Exosphere

Outermost layer of the atmosphere where particles can escape.