science t2

Nuclear fusion

Process in the sun's core where hydrogen atoms collide to form helium, releasing massive energy due to extreme conditions.

Sunspot

Darker area on the sun's surface caused by cooler temperatures compared to surrounding areas.

what are the 5 parts of the sun

Core, Radiative Zone, Convection zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere

Core

Hottest part of the sun located at its center.

Radiative Zone

Largest part of the sun where energy is transferred to the surface through conduction and radiation diffusion.

Convective Zone

transfer heat through convection currents with hot plasma rising, cooling at the surface, and then sinking back down.

Photosphere

Sun's outer shell emitting visible light.

Chromosphere

Hot atmosphere of the Sun above the photosphere.

Atomic number

Number of protons or electrons in an atom.

Atomic mass

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Atoms

building blocks of all matter with no overall charge.

Unstable Atoms

to many neutrons

Subatomic Particles

Protons+, Electrons-, Neutrons0, nucleus(P+N)

Elements

Pure substances consisting of only one type of atom.

Compounds

Substances with two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.

Mixtures

Combination of substances not chemically bound.

Molecules

Two or more atoms chemically bonded.

Molecule of an element and compound

molecules with either one type of atom or 2 or more types (compound)

Ions

Atoms or molecules with an electric charge.

Positive and Negative Ions

less electrons than protons, more electrons than protons

Ionic compounds

Atoms bond to form ions to achieve a full valence shell. (2,8,8)

Atmosphere

Earth's gaseous envelope composed mainly of nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor.

Layers of atmospere

Trophosphere, Stratosphere, mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.

Troposphere

Lowest atmospheric layer with decreasing temperature at higher altitudes and convection currents.

Stratosphere

Layer with increasing temperature at higher altitudes and containing the ozone layer.

Mesosphere

Layer with decreasing temperature at higher altitudes and where meteoroids burn due to friction.

Thermosphere

Layer with increasing temperature at higher altitudes absorbing heat from UV rays.

Exosphere

Outermost layer of the atmosphere where particles can escape.