AP euro absolutism part 2

issues w spain

• no middle clas/ jews nd muslims

• native pop decrease

• trading ships dont go to spain

• no banks

phillip iv gives power to..

gaspar deguzman

gaspar deguzman decisions

• warred w dutch —> less trade

• joined 30 years war —> money sink

treaty of pyrenees

land to france

people begin to leave spain

spanish successiom

suuper inbred so no successor

phillip v takes over

netherlands benefits

basically costco

creates first public stock exchange

low interest rates so other countries borrow

keep jews and muslims so big middle class

dutch decline

england trades better and invests better

wars costly

not colonisng

war of holy league agreemrnt

hungary own body

magyars nobles tax exempt

pragmatic sanction

charles vi asks if women can rule, only prussia says no

war of austrian succession

fredrick the great wants silesia, uses prag sanc as excuse and ivades. maria theresa loses

diplomatic revolution

gb and prussia v frnce, austria and russia

austrian kung joseph II

• inc schools

• relaxed censorship

• edict of toleration

• ab olished serfdom

• Frederick William, the great elector

• 1st modern civil service

  • Pass a test to get federal job

• Most efficient bureaucracy

  • Implemented mercantilism

    • Wool, iron, cotton, soap, paper

    • Canals

    • Local governmentsv

• Frederick I, king of prussia

• Allied with hapsburgs

• Upgraded from elector to king

• Frederick william the soldier king “fatty”

• Super into military

• Lowk gay

• Potsdam giants- his favorite men..

• Abolished luxury industries for military workshops

• Fredrick II “the great”

• Believed in working with the common man

  • Introduced potatoes!

• Finally decides to use his dads army…

  • Starts war of austrian succession and takes silesia from maria theresa

  • Wins! Rest of europe is shocked hre is taken down by small prussia..

    • Leaders must take prussia seriously

• 7 years war

• Prussia pushed to brink of defeat

  • Stroke of luck: catherine the great dies

  • Succeeded by peter III, idolised frederick the great

  • Orders retreat

    • Treaty made war over!

• After defeat, turns inward and tries to use enlightenment ideas for the people

• Improved education, more opportunities for higher education

• Legal and court reforms- allowed charges against lords

• Encouraged trade and manufacturing

• Committed to religious tolerance

• Does not grant freedom to ethnic group

  • Leads to prussia austria conflict- expanding at the cost of austria

Ivan the III (ivan the great

kicks mongols out

Makes kremlin (russian whithouse + capital)

Peter the great

• Boyars are russian nobility

• Romanovs must control boyars

• Goes on grand tour, spends several months in western europe

  • Lets westernise!!!

invasion of sweden

• PTG wants to invade Sweden in order to westernise.. Charles XII is 18 so ez

  • Takes 21 yrs… more advanced

Boyars

russian nobility

Soul tax

• Tax for living inside of russia

• Nobles technically pay.. But pass it on to serfs

Great northern war

a major conflict where a coalition led by Russia (Peter the Great) fought Sweden (Charles XII) for control of the Baltic Sea, ending Sweden's dominance and establishing Russia as a major European power

• Issues with russia

• So big..

• No infrastructure- no roads

• No middle classc

Solutions to russian problems

• 50 administrative districts

  • But.. staffed w nobles who listen to king

• Table of ranks

  • New ranking system for nobles

  • Everyone starts at bottom..

ptg policies

• 3x taxes in order to create huge army… only france is bigger

  • Req nobles to live abroad for 5 years

  • At height of building, 85% of $ → military

    • Also issues decrees explaining reasoning for 1st time in russia

Growth of st petersburg

• New capital

• Broad, paved, straight avenues 

• Uniformity

• Parks, canals, bridges, street lighting

• Each social class has its own section

  • Req 25k-40k every 3 mo wo pay

  • 10% of households had to supply food for st petersburg

  • Ordered nobles, merchants and artisans to move there

Navigation acts

• Goods go to England first

  • Countries forced to comply

drogheda

Massacred entire town

protectorate

• cromwell as lord protector

• Seizes total control over country

  • Outlaws makeup, bright clothing, drinking..

Rump Parliament

the remnant of England's Long Parliament (1640-1660) after the army purged it in 1648

barebones parliment

rump parliment even SMALLER LMDAOOO

Charles II

• the merry monarch and son of charles

  • Undoes everything cromwell did

  • Hosts lavish banquets, brings fun back to the ruling

• declaration of breda

Accepts limitations on power

Clarendon code

• illegal for puritans to run for office

Secret treaty of dover

• makes a secret agreement to louis xiv

  • 200000 dollars every year for freedom to worship in britian..

    • Suspicion: is he catholic??

Test act of 1637

• having to swear in as an anglican for office

tories

• Nobles 

• Kings supporters 

• Supported stuarts

• Believed in divine rights

whigs

• Middle class

• No Stuarts!

• Parliamentarians

• Majority of parliament

James II

• Openly catholic

• Violates test act by appointing catholics

james ii controversy

• Mary is daughter, married to king of netherlands who is protestant, whew

• James' Catholic wife gets pregnant.. And has a BOY. catholic dynasty?!?

• Protestant wind- dutch forces land in england 

  • Runs away! Glorious revolution

•  William of Orange and Mary agree to rule a constitutional monarchy

• Divine right discredited

• Foreign policy

• Role of landowners increased in govt as well 

• Aftermath of glorious revolution

• Reaches height of prosperity after glorious revolution

• Navy that was rebuilt after stuarts becomes the premier of seas

• New colonies in new jersey, the carolinas settled mainly by english aristocracy

• Bank of England grew to be the greatest creditor of the world

  • London becomes greatest trading city

  • Crippling inflation stopped so even the average worker was better off