apush spring 2

Cuba's Plight

The suffering of Cubans under Spanish rule that fueled American sympathy and intervention.

José Martí

Cuban revolutionary leader who opposed Spanish control and sought U.S. support for independence.

‘Butcher’ Weyler

Spanish general known for brutal tactics in Cuba, including concentration camps.

Yellow Press

Sensationalist journalism by Pulitzer's World and Hearst's Journal that influenced U.S. support for war.

Citizen Kane

A film inspired by media mogul William Randolph Hearst, who used sensationalism to push for war.

DeLome Letter

A letter from a Spanish diplomat criticizing President McKinley, angering many Americans.

USS Maine Explosion

The sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana Harbor, a key event leading to the Spanish-American War.

McKinley’s War Request

President McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain in April 1898.

Teller Amendment

An amendment stating that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry unit led by TR, famous for their charge up San Juan Hill.

Commodore Dewey

U.S. naval officer who defeated the Spanish fleet in the Philippines.

Treaty of Paris (1899)

This treaty ended the Spanish-American War; the U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Platt Amendment

Allowed U.S. intervention in Cuba’s affairs and established the Guantanamo Bay naval base.

Roosevelt Corollary

TR’s addition to the Monroe Doctrine, justifying U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Great White Fleet

A U.S. naval fleet sent on a world tour to demonstrate American military power.

Panama Canal

A strategic waterway built by the U.S. to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Hay’s Open Door Policy

A policy ensuring equal trade rights in China.

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese nationalist uprising against foreign influence, suppressed by an international coalition.

Aguinaldo’s Uprising

Filipino resistance against U.S. rule after the Spanish-American War.

Dollar Diplomacy

U.S. foreign policy under Taft, using financial investments to exert influence.

Wilson vs. Villa

Conflict between U.S. President Wilson and Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Naval strategist who promoted U.S. expansion and advocated for a strong navy.

Josiah Strong

Minister who advocated for U.S. imperialism based on spreading Christianity and civilization.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino leader who fought against both Spanish and U.S. rule.

Albert Beveridge

U.S. senator who supported imperialism for economic and strategic reasons.

Theodore Roosevelt (TR)

Advocate for American expansionism and later president.

William McKinley

President during the Spanish-American War who justified U.S. imperialism.

Senator Bryan

William Jennings Bryan, who opposed imperialism but helped secure the acquisition of the Philippines.

Booker T. Washington

Advocated for vocational education for Black advancement.

W.E.B. DuBois

Demanded immediate civil rights for Black Americans.

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices.

Upton Sinclair

Author of 'The Jungle,' which led to food safety reforms.

17th Amendment

Allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators.

Social Gospel

A movement applying Christian ethics to social reform.

Jane Addams

Founder of Hull House, advocate for social work and immigrant rights.

Women’s Trade Union League

Supported working women and labor reforms.

Florence Kelley

Social reformer who fought for child labor laws and workers' rights.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Deadly factory fire that led to workplace safety reforms.

WCTU (Woman’s Christian Temperance Union)

Advocated for prohibition and women's rights, led by Frances Willard.

Big Stick Policy

TR’s foreign policy of using military strength to achieve diplomatic goals.

Square Deal

TR’s domestic policy focusing on consumer protection, corporate regulation, and conservation.

Northern Securities Case

TR’s trust-busting effort to break up a major railroad monopoly.

Meat Inspection Act

Law ensuring food safety standards in the meatpacking industry.

Pure Food and Drug Act (PFDA)

Law ensuring safety standards for food and drugs.

Preservationist vs. Conservationist

Debate between protecting nature (John Muir) and managing it wisely (Gifford Pinchot).

Department of Commerce & Labor

Created to regulate business and labor disputes.

Elkins Act

Regulated railroad rates to prevent unfair pricing.

Aldrich-Vreeland Act

Allowed emergency currency issuance in financial crises.

Trustbuster of Standard Oil & U.S. Steel

Taft's efforts to break up major monopolies.

Election of 1912

Contested between Taft, Debs, TR, and Wilson, with Wilson emerging victorious.

New Freedom vs. New Nationalism

Wilson’s focus on small businesses vs. TR’s support for government regulation.

16th-19th Amendments

Income tax (16th), direct Senate election (17th), prohibition (18th), women’s suffrage (19th).

Federal Reserve Act

Created the modern banking system.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Regulated unfair business practices.

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

Banned child labor in interstate commerce.

Underwood Tariff

Lowered tariffs and introduced an income tax.

Adamson Act

Established an eight-hour workday for railroad workers.

Central vs. Allied Powers

Germany and Austria-Hungary vs. Britain, France, Russia, and the U.S.

American Involvement

Sparked by German unrestricted submarine warfare, Lusitania sinking, and the Zimmerman Note.

Russian Revolution (1917)

Overthrow of the czar, leading to Russia's withdrawal from WWI.

Wilson’s War Message (1917)

Justified U.S. entry into World War I.

Armistice (11/11/1918)

The agreement that ended World War I.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s peace plan emphasizing self-determination and free trade.

Big Four

Leaders from the U.S., Britain, France, and Italy who negotiated the Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Ended World War I; blamed Germany and imposed harsh penalties.

League of Nations & Article X

International peacekeeping organization; the U.S. did not join.

Senate Debate

Conflict between Lodge Reservationists, Wilson Democrats, and Irreconcilables over the Treaty of Versailles.

Ashcan School

Art movement focusing on urban realism, represented by artists like George Bellows and John Sloan.

Immigrant Influence

Significantly shaped early 20th-century American culture.

Charlie Chaplin

Silent film icon known for social satire.

Alfred Stieglitz

Photographer who elevated photography to the status of fine art.

Armory Show (1913)

Introduced modern art to America.

Marcel Duchamp

Artist known for 'Nude Descending a Staircase,' a seminal piece of modern art.

Precisionism

Artistic movement focused on industrial subjects, featuring artists like Charles Sheeler and Georgia O’Keeffe.