Cuba's Plight – The suffering of Cubans under Spanish rule, which fueled American sympathy and intervention.
José Martí – Cuban revolutionary leader who opposed Spanish control and sought U.S. support for independence.
‘Butcher’ Weyler – Spanish general known for brutal tactics in Cuba, including concentration camps.
Yellow Press – Sensationalist journalism by Pulitzer’s World and Hearst’s Journal, which influenced U.S. support for war.
Citizen Kane – A film inspired by media mogul William Randolph Hearst, who used sensationalism to push for war.
DeLome Letter – A letter from a Spanish diplomat criticizing President McKinley, angering Americans.
USS Maine Explosion – The sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana Harbor, a key event leading to war.
McKinley’s War Request – President McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain in 1898.
Teller Amendment – Stated that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the war.
Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry unit led by TR, famous for the Battle of San Juan Hill.
Commodore Dewey – U.S. naval officer who defeated the Spanish fleet in the Philippines.
Treaty of Paris (1899) – Ended the Spanish-American War; U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Platt Amendment – Allowed U.S. intervention in Cuba’s affairs and established Guantanamo Bay naval base.
Roosevelt Corollary – TR’s addition to the Monroe Doctrine, justifying U.S. intervention in Latin America.
Great White Fleet – A U.S. naval fleet sent on a world tour to demonstrate American power.
Panama Canal – A strategic waterway built by the U.S. to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Hay’s Open Door Policy – A policy ensuring equal trade rights in China.
Boxer Rebellion – Chinese nationalist uprising against foreign influence, suppressed by an international coalition.
Aguinaldo’s Uprising – Filipino resistance against U.S. rule after the Spanish-American War.
Dollar Diplomacy – U.S. foreign policy under Taft, using financial investments to exert influence.
Wilson vs. Villa – Conflict between U.S. President Wilson and Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa.
Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois – Debate over Black advancement: Washington favored vocational education, while DuBois demanded immediate civil rights.
Muckrakers – Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices.
Upton Sinclair – Author of The Jungle, which led to food safety reforms.
17th Amendment – Allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators.
Social Gospel – A movement applying Christian ethics to social reform.
Jane Addams – Founder of Hull House, advocate for social work and immigrant rights.
Women’s Trade Union League – Supported working women and labor reforms.
Florence Kelley – Social reformer who fought for child labor laws and workers' rights.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire – Deadly factory fire that led to workplace safety reforms.
WCTU (Woman’s Christian Temperance Union) – Advocated for prohibition and women's rights, led by Frances Willard.
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