Chapter 1: Theory & Research

Auguste Comte invented the term "_" in 1838

sociology

Comte used a scientific approach to study?,

positivism

Harriet documented the evils of , argued for laws to protect _ workers, and fought for changed in _ policies for women.,

slavery; factory; education

Harriet Martineau translated Comte's work from to English.,

French

How do they deal with conflict and change?,

Have to get used to it; can be beneficial. Sometimes conflict can be okay.

If a study has validity, it is going to have?

,reliability

Just because a study is reliable doesn't mean it has?,

validity

Name people who were mentioned during the medieval period.,

Shakespeare and Marcus

Sociologist do or do not rely on common sense?,

do not

What are dyads?,

Group of 2+ people

What are large groups?,

Latinos in the U.S.

What are nations?,

residents in the U.S.

What are sociology's 3 main theories?

• Functionalism

• Conflict Theory

• Symbolic Interactionism

What are some questions sociologists ask?,

• Why/How do people/groups interact with one another?
  How do they deal with conflict and change?

• How do changes in one society affect other societies?

• How are groups/societies organized?

What are the 5 groups sociologists study?,

• Dyads

• Triads

• Large groups

• Nations

• Global Society

What are the three stages Comte developed?,

1. Theological stage

2. Metaphysical stage

3. Scientific Stage

What are triads?,

Group of 3+ people

What are two research methods?,-

• Surveys

• Experiments

What brought a new awareness of society?,

Sociology as a discipline

What did ancient civilizations think about?,

Nature of society

What did political change focus on?,

personal liberty and individual rights

What did the medieval period write about?,

the workings of society

What do sociologist rely on?,

questions and research

What helps people understand their society?,

sociological imagination

what is a social crisis?,

turning personal problems into public issues

What is a theory?.

,It explains, describes, or predicts something

What is common sense?,

Ideas that are taken for granted that seem reasonable and are rarely questioned.

What is correlation?,

two things relate to each other but don't cause each other

What is global awareness?,

Logical extension of the sociological perspective

what is marginally?,

living on the margins of society

What is objectivity?,

neutral when it comes to research

What is positivism?,

a scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed to mere speculation

What is qualitative research?,

Descriptive (long research)

What is quantitative research?,

Number based (short research)

What is reliability?,

consistent in measurements. (come up with the same results each time the experiment is done)

What is society?,

people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture

What is sociology?,

the study of human society

What is the global perspective?,

the study of the larger world and our society's place in it

What is the global society?,

The entire world as a single entity

What is the Hull House,

A helpful place for immigrants

What is the main cause of poverty and other social issues?,

Society

What is the sociological perspective of seeing the general in the particular?,

Sociologists look for general patterns in the behavior of particular people.

What is the sociological perspective of seeing the strange in the familiar?,-

Takes practice

Ex: Global events can alter our lives

What is the sociological perspective of society in our everyday lives?,

The effects society has on our decisions

What is the sociological perspective?,

• seeing the general in the particular

• seeing the strange in the familiar

• society in our everyday lives

• seeing sociologically: marginally and crisis

What is the sociology theory: Conflict Theory?,

Society is built upon inequality on the basis of social class. gender, race, etc.

What is the sociology theory functionalism?,

looks at society as a whole

What is the sociology theory symbolic interactionism?,.

We construct society through a range of symbols and social interactions

What is the survey research method? What are the cons?.

• Asks questions orally, online, or on-paper

Cons: double barreled questions (asking two questions in one)

• Lack of validity

What is validity?,

Measuring exactly what you say; its accurate and legit

What two variables are included in an experiment? What do they do?,

independent variable = cause

dependent variable = reaction

What was the impact of the enclosure movement ?,

Explosive growth of cities

What were 2 of the biggest reasons for sociology's development?,

Industrialization and Urbanization

When did Jane Addams win the Nobel Peace Prize?,

1931

Which group do sociologists study that are the most unstable and why?,

Triads because someone will always feel left out.

Which thinkers thought about the nature of society?,

Aristotle, Plato, Fu-tzu

Who categorized sociology into a 3-stage development?,

Auguste Comte

Who helped find the Hull House?,

Jane Addams

Who was the first woman sociologist?,

Harriet Martineau

Who's less likely to commit suicide? (Emile Durkheim's research findings),

Women, Jews and Catholics, poor people, and married

Who's more likely to commit suicide? (Emile Durkheim's research findings),

Males, Protestants, wealthy people, and unmarried

Why/How do people and groups interact with one another?,

To learn from each other