Mod 12 & 13 Vocab - Yonna H.

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Psychology

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22 Terms

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Frontal Lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, speaking, memory, and judgement.

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Parietal Lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.

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Occipital Lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information.

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Motor Cortex

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.

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Temporal Lobe

An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information.

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Somatosensory Cortex

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

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Association Areas

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

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Phineas Gage

Railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior; case played a role in the development of the understanding of the localization of brain function.

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Brain Plasticity

The ability of other parts of the brain to take over functions of damaged regions. Declines as hemispheres of the cerebral cortex lateralize.

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Neurogenesis

The development of new neurons.

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Hemispherectomy

The radical removal of half of a child's brain in the treatment of extreme cases of brain seizures.

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Split Brains

A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them.

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Consciousness

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

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Cognitive Neuroscience

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

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Dual Processing

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

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Blindsight Phenomenon

A condition in which people are unable to consciously report on visual stimuli but nevertheless are able to accurately answer questions about what they are seeing.

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Parallel Processing

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.

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Sequential Processing

The processing of one aspect of a problem at a time; used when we focus attention on new or complex tasks.

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Homonculus

A rendering of the body in which each part is shown in proportion to show how much of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to it.

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Paul Broca

The part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it.

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Carl Wernicke

An area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it.

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Biopsychosocial Approach

An integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.