BIO 120 Evolution/ Orgin of Species

Evolution

describes the genetic changes in the population. Overtime organisms adapt to their environment, descent with modification. The idea that a living species are descendants.

Allopatric speciation

where a new species evolves from a parent species due to geographic isolation

A) Allopatric B) Sympatric

Which is Allopatric and what is Sympatric

Stanley Miller experiment

simulated the Earth's early atmosphere and provided evidence for the abiogenesis of organic molecules. By passing electrical sparks through a mixture of water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen, they produced amino acids, suggesting how the building blocks of life could have formed on a prebiotic Earth

Micro Evolution

change in allele frequency over overtime

ex pesticide, resistance and insects peppered moths in England during the industrial revolution prior to this the light variance of peppered monster survive better than the variance because they blended well with light colored trees 

Mules are the reproductive product of a horse and a donkey mating, considered a distinct species

What’s an example of Postzygotic

selective breeding, artificial selection,

the process by which humans have modified other species by selectively breeding for desired traits.

True

True or False only mutations and cells that produce gametes can be passed along to offspring.

Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago, along with the rest of the solar system

Earth, early atmosphere contained water and vapor chemicals released by volcanic eruption

Life on earth begin 3.5 billion years ago

When did Earth form and when did Life on early form

Reproduce hybrid viability

most hybrid offspring of different species do not survive examples many species of salamanders are able to meet, but the offspring do not survive to reproduce themselves

reduce hybrid fertility-

hybrid offspring reach maturity , but are sterile

Sympatric speciation

the process by which new species arise within the range of another species, New species formed by having extra sets of chromosomes are considered to be a polylploid

The oldest now fossils of eukaryotes are relatively small algae

What were the first forms of life

Bio-diversity

Speciation - of the new emergence of species

Biological Species concept

A species consists of a population whose members have the potential to produce viable, fertile offspring based on there ability to INTERBREED

reproductive barrier

Keeps individuals of closely related species from interbreeding

Prezygotic

mechanism preventing formation of a zygote

Postzygotic

mechanisms preventing organisms (zygotes and beyond) from developing into a reproducing adult

Adaptive Evolution

The galapagos islands is one of the world’s greatest showcases of adaptive radiation, examples; Darwin’s Finches

Population

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area and capable of interbreeding

Finches

What did Darwin use as an example of adaptive radiation, the evolution of a single ancestral species into multiple diverse forms adapted to different ecological niches

Natural Variation

among individuals is based on hereditary and mutation these variations enable organisms to become adapted to their environment overtime

Natural Selection

is a process by which favorable and hetero traits become more numerous and successive generations of population of reproducing organisms

Charles Darwin

Who discovered Natural Selection

Survival of the fittest

only those organisms most fit to survive will survive and reproduce, Certain individuals with a distinct, and how red characteristic will be selected against while others will be different distinct and hetero trait will survive

Study of Fossils

Paleontology

similar characteristics that result from the same ancestry

Homologous structure

Vestigial organs

remnants of structures that have no apparent function, but served important functions in organisms ancestors

Embryology

study of development of an organism 

Vertebrates

Is it vertebrates or invertebrates that consist of fish, amphibians, birds, and humans

Molecular biology

examining nucleotide and amino acid sequences of different organisms university of genetic code 99% of our DNA is identical to that of a champ

Jean Bapsite Lamarck

Whose theory suggested giraffes acquired along neck because ancestors fire and higher into trees to reach leaves and was a naturalist who suggested the theory of evolution