Thermoregulation

Homeothermic

Ability to maintain a relatively constant internal core temperature regardless of external temperature

core temperature

The temperature of the central part of the body (e.g., internal organs)

Preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (POAH)

Coordinating center for temperature regulation; Acts like an internal thermostat in the body

peripheral thermoreceptors

receptors located in the skin that detect changes in temperature

central thermoreceptors

receptors located in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, abdominal organs, and blood vessels that detect changes in temperature

RMR, muscle activity, thermic effect of food, NEAT

These are responsible for producing heat in the body

Conduction

The direct transfer of heat from a warmer object to a cooler object through direct contact

Convection

The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid or gas

Radiation

passage of heat waves from a warm object to a cooler object

Evaporation

transfer of heat when liquid vaporizes to a gas

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

electrolytes lost in sweat

Sweating mechanism

most efficient form of heat loss during exercise in a dry environment; relies on evaporative cooling

Heat Syncope

fainting that occurs when the body attempts to cool itself by dilating the blood vessels

Heat exhaustion

condition resulting from exposure to heat and excessive loss of fluid through sweating; core temperature is less than 104 degrees F.

Heat stroke

a dangerous condition in which the body loses its ability to cool itself through sweating; core temperature is greater than 104 degrees F.

exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH)

a condition where serum sodium concentration is dangerously low due to excessive fluid intake

exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs)

painful involuntary muscle spasms that occur during or after physical exertion, particularly in high heat and humidity, possibly due to loss of electrolytes and water from sweating

sweat rate

fluid loss per hour of exercise = pre-exercise BW - post-exercise BW + fluid intake - urine volume/exercise time in hours