Theo

Congress Oversight Function Monitors and evaluates federal agencies, programs, and policies. • Ensures laws are implemented as intended. • Uses hearings, investigations, and reports as tools. • Seats in the House of Representatives • Shall Be Apportioned among the States based on population. • Minimum of one representative per state. • 100 Senators Represent the 50 States • Each state has two senators. • Serves six-year terms with staggered elections. • Inherent/Expressed/Implied Powers • Inherent: Powers essential to a sovereign nation (e.g., immigration control). • Expressed: Specifically listed in the Constitution (e.g., taxation). • Implied: Derived from the Elastic Clause (e.g., establishing the IRS). • Commerce Clause • Grants Congress power to regulate trade among states. • Basis for significant federal authority over economic activity. • 1st Amendment • Protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. • Ensures separation of church and state. • Impeachment Rules • House of Representatives has the sole power to impeach. • Senate holds the trial and votes on conviction. • Requires a two-thirds majority in the Senate to convict. • Electoral College • Mechanism for electing the President and Vice President. • States allocate electors based on congressional representation. • Majority of electoral votes (270) needed to win. • Parliamentary Governments • Executive derives authority from the legislature. • Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority party (less conflicts) • Federal Government • National government with powers divided among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. • Balances power between federal and state governments (federalism). • Legislative Power • Authority to make laws. • Vested in Congress (House of Representatives and Senate).

Psych