Timr Aid Lesson 4

Timor Aid Lesson 3

Timor Aid Lesson 2

Timur Gareyev – blindfold chess champion

Timor Aid Course Lesson 2

History Final The Railroad: Why were railroads so important for moving west? They fueled westward settlement, spurred the growth of towns, and created massive demand for mass-produced steel and coal, physically connecting rural farmlands to urban factories to build a powerhouse national economy How did they heIp the country change from farming to a factory-based economy? they brought heavy, manufactured factory goods West. The U.S. required unprecedented amounts of steel, iron, coal, and timber. To operate safely and efficiently, they developed professional management hierarchies, advanced accounting, and time zones. Indian Wars: What was the main reason for the fighting between the U.S. government and NativeAmericans in the late 1800s? (Hint: Think about white settlers moving onto their lands). Western expansion . As white settlers and gold prospectors flooded onto Native American lands, the U.S. government forced tribes onto reservations. Forced Change (Assimilation): What was the goal of the Dawes Act? Idea of making civilized land, took away tribe unity What did Indian Boarding Schools force Native American children to do to their culture, hair, and language? to abandon their heritage in a process known as forced assimilation. To become more americanized killing off their culture Big Business & The Gilded Age Rise of Factories: What did the government do (or not do) that allowed giant businesses to grow so fast in the late 1800s? allowed businesses to operate without strict labor, safety, or environmental regulations. The Gilded Age: Why did Mark Twain use the phrase "Gilded Age" to describe this time in history? To describe that while the US was growing and thriving there were many societal issues behind the scenes “Picture perfect front, not back.” What is the difference between a "Captain of Industry" and a "Robber Baron"? Captain of industry (GOOD) Creates jobs, Fair wages, Good working conditions Focus on innovations and new inventions Gives back money to charity, schools, hospitals Robber Baron (BAD) Unfair wages Slows other smaller companies and businesses Buys politicians bribery Famous Bosses&Inventions: Know who Andrew Carnegie(Steel)and John D. Rockefeller (Oil) were. ANDREW CARNEGIE- Scottish American industrialist, made a lot of money in the steel industry, known for giving away money JOHN D ROCKERFELLER- A wealthy American businessman, founded the Standard oil company, became the richest man, using oil. How did electricity change where people could build factories? Electricity liberated factories from needing to be built near bodies of water or coal mines. By utilizing power grids and individual electric motors Unions and Laws: What was the goal of the Interstate Commerce Act? was passed by Congress to regulate the railroad industry, specifically targeting monopolistic practices. Its goal was to ensure fair and reasonable shipping rates, prohibit price discrimination against small businesses and farmers, and establish the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to oversee these operations How did workers use "collective bargaining" to get better rights? Workers utilized collective bargaining through labor unions to negotiate as a unified group with employers over wages, benefits, and working conditions, rather than negotiating individually They would not work until the wage or conditions were raised to be better Immigration: Why did many Americans(Nativists)push back against new immigrants? Many Americans pushed back in fear of losing jobs and getting it taken away from them, because immigrants were willing to do the jobs for less money while they would be doing it for more, hence kicking them out. What was the main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act? To keep the chinese out because they were taking jobs Mainly stopped them from entering Imperialism (America Expands Overseas) Reasons to Expand: Why did the U.S.want to take over islands and colonies overseas in the late 1800s? The U.S. sought overseas colonies to secure raw materials and new markets for its growing industrial output. Policymakers also desired strategic naval bases Why did some Americans think it was wrong to rule over other people? it directly contradicted the nation's foundational ideals of liberty, democracy, and the "consent of the governed". They believed that subjugating foreign populations violated the core principles of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution Spanish-American War: How did Yellow Journalism (exaggerated news)and the sinking of the U.S.S.Mainestart a war? Yellow journalism started the war because of exaggeration What lands did the U.S.get after winning? the United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines China and Latin America: What was the Open Door Policy,and who were the "Boxers" trying to kick out of China? The Open Door Policy (1899) was a U.S. foreign policy stating that all foreign nations should have equal and unhindered trading rights in China. The "Boxers" were members of a secret Chinese society (the Yihetuan) who violently rebelled to expel all Westerners, foreign imperialists, and Christian missionaries from China. Explain the different foreign policies of the presidents: Teddy Roosevelt's "Big Stick" (and theRoosevelt Corollary), William Howard Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy", and Woodrow Wilson's"Moral Diplomacy". TEDDY ROOSEVELT- Theodore Roosevelt operated on the West African proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.". His philosophy focused on peaceful negotiation backed by the explicit threat of a powerful military, particularly the U.S. Navy WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT- His policy aimed to "substitute dollars for bullets," using American economic investments to secure diplomatic stability and expand foreign trade WOODROW WILSON - Woodrow Wilson rejected the imperialism of the "Big Stick" and the materialism of "Dollar Diplomacy". His strategy, engineered alongside Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan, aimed to support nations that aligned with American moral values, democracy, and human rights. How did Teddy Roosevelt get the land to build the Panama Canal? After Colombia rejected a U.S. offer to lease the land, Roosevelt dispatched U.S. warships to block Colombian troops, allowing Panama to declare independence in November 1903 The Progressive Era The Goal: What did Progressives believe was threatening democracy and the rights of regular people?(Hint:Think about Big Business). Progressives believed that concentrated corporate power, unchecked monopolies, and corrupt political machines were threatening democracy. They feared this vast wealth allowed Big Business to bypass the democratic process, rig the economy, and exploit regular people Muckrakers: Who were the muckrakers? Muckrakers were investigative journalists of the early 1900’s who exposed misconduct by powerful organizations or people. How did Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle change the way our meat and food are inspected? The animals had to be inspected before slaughter Inspected after slaughter Had to have clean standards Meat had to have a stamp of approval Cannots adulter, no harmful chemicals No misbranding No narcotics Power to the People: How did new voting systems like the initiative,referendum,recall,and direct primary give regular citizens more power in government? Initiative Citizens are adding a proposed law to a ballot.. Citizens became law makers Refederrum State legislatures put a proposed law on the ballot, voters approve or repeal, voters get veto power Recall Voters can remove political officials before their term ends accountability Direct primary shifted the power to choose political candidates from party bosses directly to regular citizens. Presidents &Nature: Who broke or "busted" more trusts:Teddy Roosevelt or William Howard Taft? William Howard Taft did more to regulate monopolies than TR did. He continued a lot of what teddy started. Which president made protecting the environment a national issue? Teddy roosevelt Rights Movements: What was the primary goal of the NAACP? The NAACP stands for National Association for the advancement of colored people. to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of all minority citizens, eliminate race-based discrimination, and ensure the health and well-being of all persons What finally caused women's suffrage(the right to vote) to pass in 1920? Women's suffrage passed in 1920 because decades of tireless grassroots activism and radical protests during the Progressive Era forced President Woodrow Wilson and Congress to act. World War I! Causes of the War: What were the main causes of WWI? (M-A-I-N) Militarism Empires were expensive to build and defend. Each nation wanted stronger armed forces than the enemy which leads to competition. Alliances Secret treaties, Europe was divided by a complex web of mutual defense pacts. The two primary blocks were the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Imperialism European nations had been building empires and extending economic, and political control. Germany competed with France and Great Britain for colonies. Nationalism Extreme patriotism led to many nations believing that their culture and goals were superior. Why was this war so much more destructive than older wars? Industrialized Weaponry: The advent of the Industrial Revolution allowed for the mass production of highly lethal, mechanized weapons. Innovations like quick-firing artillery, heavy machine guns, poison gas, and tanks drastically increased the rate and scale of casualties Trench Warfare and Attrition: The combination of machine guns and defensive fortifications led to vast, stagnant stalemates. Instead of rapid maneuvers, generals resorted to relentless artillery barrages followed by infantry charges across fortified "no man's land", resulting in massive, grinding losses of life with very little territorial gain U.S.Joins the Fight:Why did the U.S.stop being neutral and join the war? (Hint:Look closely at the Zimmermann Note). Many Americans felt that the U.S. should fight alongside the U.K. and France, and the German submarine sent a Great Britain ship with many Americans on it. Then 2 years later after a worsening relationship we joined and made a secret attempt to turn Mexico against us. The Homefront: What did the Selective Service Act do? Required all men between 21-30 to register for the draft. How did regular Americans support the war effort at home (Liberty Bonds,saving food/energy,Daylight Savings Time)? directly purchasing war bonds, rationing staples like food and fuel, planting Victory Gardens, and observing Daylight Saving Time Free Speech: What did the Sedition Act do to people who spoke out or wrote bad things about the government during the war? Targeted U.S. citizens, including journalists who criticized the act of provoking rebellion. The Peace Treaty: What was Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace called? The fourteen points League of nations is part of the fourteen points Why did the U.S. does the Senate refuse to sign the Treaty of Versailles and refuse to join the League of Nations? constitutional concerns over surrendering Congress's war-making power, a strong desire to avoid permanent foreign entanglements, and bitter partisan clashes between President Woodrow Wilson The Amendments:13-19th Amendments! From the progressive era 16-19th 2 Questions 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude nationwide, except as a punishment for a crime. 14th Amendment (1868): Defined national citizenship and guaranteed all citizens "equal protection of the laws". 15th Amendment (1870): Prohibited the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 16th Amendment (1913): Authorized the federal government to collect an income tax. 17th Amendment (1913): Established the direct election of U.S. senators by popular vote, replacing selection by state legislatures. 18th Amendment (1919): Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors, launching the era of Prohibition. 19th Amendment (1920): Granted women the right to vote in all local, state, and federal elections Geography: There will be a WORLD MAP on the exam.Think about our Imperialism and WWI units. Imperialism (Late 19th - Early 20th Century) The Scramble for Africa: Pay close attention to the continent of Africa as you will likely need to identify which European powers colonized which regions. Focus on the massive territorial claims of Great Britain and France, as well as Germany's attempts to expand its empire. Asia and the Pacific: Be prepared to locate territories like India, Indochina (French), and the Philippines. You should also identify the emerging imperial power of Japan in East Asia. ⚔️ World War I Europe (1914-1918) Allied Powers: Locate Great Britain, France, Russia, and later the United States and Italy. Central Powers: Identify the core nations of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. The Western Front: Be ready to map the border between France and Germany where the most intense trench warfare took place. The Eastern Front: Locate the border regions between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. The Spark: Find the city of Sarajevo (in Bosnia) on the map, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, igniting the war

GCSE Design Technology Edexcel: Core Content and Timbers

natural and manufactured timbers

Tile/paper the walls - położyć kafelki/ tapetę na sciane Give sb notice to quit their flat- wręczyć komuś nakaz opuszczenia mieszkania Lease runs for / runs out in - najem jest ważny przez / kończy się w Let out a house / flat - wynająć komuś dom/ mieszkanie Provide a guarantor/ references - wskazać poręczyciela/ dostarczyć referencje Sign a lease - podpisać umowę najmu Sublet - podnajmować Take (in) a lodger - przyjac sublokatora Take on a high rent - wziąć na siebie płacenie wysokiego czynszu Tenant - lokator Terminate a contract - rozwiązać umowę Terms of a lease - warunki umowy najmu Apply for/ take out/ secure a mortgage - ubiegać się o / wziąć/ zapewnić sobie kredyt hipoteczny Be gazumped- zostać przebitym Close the deal on sth - zawrzeć umowę czegoś Exchange contracts - sfinalizować umowę kupna sprzedaży nieruchomości Factor in the full / additional costs - uwzględnić wszystkie / dodatkowe koszty Get a survey done - zamówić ekspertyzę Go/ fall through - dojść/ nie dojść do skutku High demand for properties - duży popyt na nieruchomości Housing association - wspólnota mieszkaniowa Pay stamp duty - zapłacić opłatę skarbową Repossess a house - odebrać dom osobie nie spłacającej rat kredytu hipotecznego The property is under offer - ktoś złożył ofertę na zakup tej nieruchomości Declutter - pozbyć się nie potrzebnych rzeczy Dismantle the furniture - demontować meble Fixtures and fittings- osprzęt i wyposażenie Fragile/ breakable items - delikatne - kruche przedmioty Housewarming (Party) - parapetówka Lug boxes up and down the stairs - wnosić pudła w górę / dół po schodach Redirect your mail - przekierować pocztę Sturdy/ heavy-duty moving boxes - wytrzymałe kartony do przeprowadzki Use a (long term ) storage facility- korzystać z przechowywani (długoterminowej) Concrete - beton Cornerstone- kamień węgielny Draw up plans - sporządzać plany Flagstone - płyta chodnikowa Flight on stairs/ steps - kondygnacja schodów Insulation - izolacja/ ocieplenie budynku Landscape architecture - architektura krajobrazu Lay the foundations - kłaść fundamenty Marble- marmur Oversee a project - nadzorować projekt Planning permission / consent - pozwolenie na budowę Plot (of land ) - działka Sewage system - kanalizacja Slate / roof tile - dachówka Stairway - klatka schodowa Timber / lumber - drewno Under construction - w budowie Wiring - instalacja elektryczna Chamber - Komnata Dome - kopuła Edifice - gmach Passage - korytarz Post - słup Temple - świątynia Walkway - Kładka Dimensions - wymiary Cracked plaster - pęknięty tynk ill- fitting shutters/ windows frame - źle dopasowane okiennice / ramy okienne Leaky pipe - nieszczelna rura Rising damp - wilgoć podciągająca od ziemi

tata SuryaKumpulan dari benda-benda langit dengan matahri sebagai pusat yang dikelilingi oleh planet, meteoroid, asteroid dan komet disebut ... a. luar angkasa b. bintang-bintang c. tata surya d. galaksi Asteroid merupakan salah satu benda langit dalam tata surya yang beredar di antara planet ... a. venus dan bumi b. mars dan yupiter c. bumi dan mars d. yupiter dan saturnus Perhatikan pernyataan berikut ini 1 1. mempunyai cincin indah 2. planet terkecil 3. planet keempat dalam tata surya 4. termasuk planet jovian Ciri-ciri yang dimiliki oleh planet mars ditunjukan oleh nomor ... a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Benda langit yang mengelilingi matahari dengan orbit yang sangat lonjong disebut ... a. planet b. komet c. meteoroid d. asteroid Pernyataan berikut ini yang merupakan ciri-ciri dari venus adalah ... planet terkecil terlihat paling terang daripada planet lainnya mempunyai cincin yang indah temasuk planet jovian Pernyataan berikut ini yang disebabkan oleh rotasi bumi kecuali ... a. bentuk bumi pepat dibagian kutub b. rasi bintang yang berbeda-beda c. terjadinya siang dan malam d. pembelokan arah angin Bumi melakukan gerakan rotasi dan juga revolusi. Arah gerakan tersebut dari ... barat ke timur b. timur ke barat c. selatan ke utara d. utara ke selatan Waktu rotasi dan revolusi bulan sama, hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya ... gerhana bulan permukaan bulan yang telihat dari bumi selalu sama bulan mengelilingi bumi tiap 29 hari terbentuknya kalender komariyah Meteoroid yang memasuki atmosfer bumi tampak bepijar karena ... bertumbukan dengan benda lain b. bergesekan dengan atmosfer bumi c. menyerap panas sinar matahari d. mengeluarkan cahaya sendiri Bulan merupakan satu-satunya satelit bumi. Bulan melakukan tiga gerakan sekaligus yaitu ... a. Rotasi , revolusi ke bumi dan bersama-sam dengan bumi berevolusi ke matahari b. Rotasi, revolusi ke mars, dan bersama-sam dengan bumi berevolusi ke matahari c. revolusi ke mars, revolusi ke bumi dan bersama-sam dengan bumi berevolusi ke matahari d. Rotasi , revolusi ke bumi dan bersama-sam dengan mars berevolusi ke matahari Berikut ini yang termasuk planet terestrial kecuali ... bumi b. mars c. merkurius d. neptunus Planet merupakn benda langit yang tidak dapat memancarkan cahaya sendiri, berikut ini yang termasuk planet jovian kecuali ... jupiter b. venus c. uranus d. saturnur Susunan planet berikut ini dimulai dari yang paling dekat dari matahari sampai yang terjauh yaitu … merkurius, venus, bumi, mars, jupiter, saturnus, uranus, neptunus merkurius, venus, bumi, mars, jupiter, uranus,saturnus, neptunus neptunus, saturnus, uranus, jupiter, mars, bumi, venus, merkurius neptunus, saturnus, uranus, jupiter, bumi, mars, venus, merkurius Bumi tidak seperti bola akan tetapi pepat dikedua kutubnya, hal ini disebabkan oleh ... rotasi bumi b. revolusi bumi c. rotasi bulan d. revolusi bulan 15. Planet yang mendapatkan bintang pagi, bintang kejora atau bintang timur yaitu ... a. venus b. mars c. saturnus d. neptunus 16. Benda langit seperti planet yang berukuran relatif kecil dan beredar diantara orbit mars dan jupiter adalah ... a. asteroid b. meteoroid c. meteorit d. komet 17. Pernyataan berikut yang menunjukan peristiwa terjadinya gerhana matahari total yaitu ... a. bumi memasuki daerah umbra bulan b. bulan memasuki daerah umbra bumi c. bumi terletak diantara bulan dan matahari d. matahari memasuki umbra bulan 18. Planet dalam tata surya beredar mengelilingi matahari dengan orbit tetap karena ... a. gaya gravitasi matahari lebih besar dari gaya gravitasi planet b. gaya gravitasi matahari lebih kecil dari gaya gravitasi planet c. gaya gravitasi matahari sama dari gaya gravitasi planet d. gaya gravitasi matahari tidak lebih besar dari gaya gravitasi planet 19. Pernyataan berikut ini yang disebabkan oleh revolusi bumi kecuali ... a. Pergantian musim b. gerak semu harian matahari c. perubahan rasi bintang d. pananggalan kalender masehi 20. Pengelompokkan berdasarkan ukuran dan komposisi zat pembentuknya dibagi menjadi dua yaitu Planet Inferior dan Superior Planet Dalam dan Luar Planet Inferior dan Luar Planet Terestrial dan Jovian 21.Benda langit yang memasuki atmosfer bumi dan terbakar habis di atomsfer disebut Meteor Meteoroid Meteorit Bintang jatuh Gerakan perputaran bumi terhadap porosnya disebut Rotasi Revolusi Rotasi dan Revolusi Semua benar Gerhana Matahari cincin terjadi saat Bumi yang menutupi Matahari berada pada titik terjauhnya dari Bulan Bulan yang menutupi Matahari berada pada titik terjauhnya dari Bumi Matahari yang menutupi Bumi berada pada titik terjauhnya dari Bulan Matahari yang menutupi Bulan berada pada titik terjauhnya dari Bumi Faktor yang menyebabkan planet Merkurisus, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars disebut sebagai planet terestrial adalah... adanya tanda-tanda kehidupan di planet-planet tersebut planet-planet ini tersusun atas bebatuan adanya atmosfer yang melingkupi planet-planet tersebut planet-planet ini berada di dalam wilayah sabuk asteroid Planet-planet yang berukuran besar dan komposisinya penyusunnya dari es dan gas hidrogen disebut kelompok.. planet luar b. planet dalam c. planet terestrial d. planet jovian 26. Perhatikan pernyataan-pernyataan berikut 1. Terkenal dengan cincinnya 2. Dihuni oleh mahluk hidup 3. Mempunyai satu satelit 4. Berwarna kemerah-merahan Pernyataan di atas yang termasuk ciri-ciri planet Bumi adalah... a. 1) dan 2) b. 1) dan 3) c. 2) dan 3) d. 3) dan 4) 27. berikut merupakan lapisan matahari, kecuali … Fotosfer Kromosfer Korona Atmosfer Pehratikan pernyataan mengenai benda langit berikut! Mempunyai ekor yang menjauhi matahari Melakukan 3 gerakan sekaligus Orbitnya ellips dan sangat lonjong Materinya terdiri besi dan nikel Pernyataan yang benar mengenai komet adalah … 1 dan 2 1 dan 3 2 dan 3 2 dan 4 Perhatikan peristiwa berikut! Indonesia memiliki 3 daerah waktu WIB,WITA dan WIT Belahan bumi tertentu mengalami siang dan malam Pergantian musim di belahan bumi utara dan selatan Perbedaan lamanya siang dan malam Peristiwa tersebut yang diakibatkan rotasi bumi ditunjukkan nomor .. 1 dan 2 1 dan 3 2 dan 4 3 dan 4 Perhatikan gambar berikut! Gambar tersebut menunjukkan peristiwa ….

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