Iceberg demonstrates the relationship between direct and indirect costs of accidents, showing that on average, indirect costs exceed direct costs. Examples of indirect costs include:
- a) Overhead costs
- b) Schedule delays
- c) **Medical costs** (DIRECT COST)
- d) Cleanup time
## 7. Geometric Sequences
- **Sequence Identification:** The proper arrangement of the following shapes by their complexity is: I. Quadrilateral II. Parallelogram III. Rectangle IV. Square.
- a) II, IV, III, I
- b) I, II, III, IV
- c) IV, III, II, I
- d) I, III, II, IV
## 8. Building Use Classification
- The term **Occupancy** refers to a type of use of a building for interior space such as an office, restaurant, private residence, or school, grouped based on similar life-safety characteristics, fire hazards, and combustible contents.
- a) Building elements
- b) **Occupancy**
- c) Building Code
- d) Accommodation
## 9. Construction Pit Transport Fees
- The maximum distance, as specified in the construction contract, which the contractor is expected to transport soil material without receiving additional payment, is known as **Freehaul distance**.
- a) **Freehaul distance**
- b) Overhaul distance
- c) Haul distance
- d) Baseline distance
## 10. Retarder Application Principles
- **Fundamental Principles for Upper Retarders:** The retarder should be as near as possible to the warm side of the insulation or the warm face of the assembly. Moreover, it should be installed using a method appropriate for the specific condensation hazard.
## 11. Material Characteristics
- **Hardness**: A measure of a material's ability to resist indentation or penetration.
- a) **Hardness**
- b) Ductility
- c) Toughness
- d) Resilience
## 12. Soil Density Changes
- **Consolidation**: An increase in the soil density of cohesive soil resulting from the expulsion of water from the soil's void spaces.
- a) Segregation
- b) **Consolidation**
- c) Compaction
- d) Soil Stabilization
## 13. Concrete Finishing Process
- The correct step-by-step process of finishing standard weight concrete slabs is as follows:
1. Bleeding
2. Screeding
3. Leveling
4. Edging
5. Jointing
6. Floating
7. Troweling
8. Broom finishing
## 14. Safety Oversight Authority
- The entity given authority to review reports of inspection, accident investigations, and the implementation of the program is the **Health and Safety Committee**.
- a) **Health and Safety Committee**
- b) DOLE
- c) DPWH
- d) BFP
## 15. Soil Grouting Process
- The process of injecting any agent into soil or rock to increase its strength or stability, protect foundations, or reduce groundwater is termed **Grouting**.
- a) **Grouting**
- b) Pumping
- c) Bleeding
- d) Screeding
## 16. Construction Safety Program Requirements
- Every construction project must have a suitable **Construction Safety and Health Program**, which adheres to the rules and orders issued by the DOLE.
- a) **Construction Safety and Health Program**
- b) Occupational Health and Safety Program
- c) Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- d) Workplace Safety and Procedures
## 17. Safety Sight Distance and Vehicle Characteristics
- One of the provisions for safety sight distance is dependent on the characteristics of the vehicle, including:
- I. Type of vehicle (car or truck)
- II. Friction between the tire and road
- III. Eye height of the driver
- IV. Speed of the vehicle
- a) I only
- b) II and III only
- c) IV only
- d) **All of the above**
## 18. Concrete Leveling Technique
- **Screeding** is the process to level a floor or layer of concrete with a straight edge using a back and forth motion while moving across the surface.
- a) Troweling
- b) **Screeding**
- c) Floating
- d) Finishing
## 19. Structural Support Types
- A structure driven into the soil to support construction by transferring building loads to a deeper and stronger layer of soil or rock is referred to as a **Pile**.
- a) Caisson
- b) Pier
- c) Shoring
- d) **Piles**
## 20. Road User Guidance Signs
- **Guide signs** inform and advise road users of directions, distances, routes, and the location of services.
- a) Cross road sign
- b) **Guide signs**
- c) Advance direction signs
- d) Traffic instruction signs
## 21. Delay Concept in Transportation
- The **Delay** refers to the difference between the actual travel time and the ideal travel time for a segment of the transportation system.
- a) Queue time
- b) Travel time
- c) **Delay**
- d) Service time
## 22. Construction Instructions
- **Specifications** are written instructions detailing how a facility is to be constructed.
- a) **Specifications**
- b) Estimates
- c) Bid documents
- d) Plans
## 23. Tidal Wave Phases
- The interval referring to the time delay in highest tide for each location due to cosmic forces and friction is called the **Age of Tides**.
- a) **Age of Tides**
- b) Lunar tide
- c) Diurnal tide
- d) Semi-diurnal tide
## 24. Road Environment Factors and Safety Sight Distance
- The provision for safety sight distance is influenced by the following characteristics of the road environment:
- I. Road geometry
- II. Road surface
- III. Road illumination at night
- IV. Road topography
- a) I and IV only
- b) I, II, and III only
- c) II and IV only
- d) **All of the above**
## 25. Pavement Cracking Types
- **Transverse cracking** occurs at right angles to the pavement centerline due to shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt concrete or reflective cracks.
- a) Alligator cracking
- b) Block cracking
- c) **Transverse cracking**
- d) Longitudinal cracking
## 26. Pavement Surface Wear
- **Raveling** refers to the wearing away of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregated particles and binder, often a result of insufficient asphalt binder in the mix.
- a) Joint or crack spalling
- b) Flushing
- c) Bleeding
- d) **Raveling**
## 27. Surveying Procedures
- **Double centering** is a procedure in a horizontal angle layout that involves turning the angle twice and creating a line of sight for critical points. Not used on every point.
## 28. Fatigue Resistance Measure
- **Fatigue resistance** is the measure of a material's ability to withstand cyclic (repeated) stresses, with the risk of fracture occurring without warning, even below yield strength.
## 29. Screeding Definition
- **Screeding** is defined as the method of moving a straight-edge back and forth with a saw-like motion across the forms to finish concrete surfaces.
## 30. Hazard Definition
- A **Hazard** is defined as a source or situation that poses a potential risk for harm, injury, or damage to health, property, or the environment.
## 31. Risk Definition
- **Risk** is defined as a human action that deviates from commonly accepted safe procedures that may result in an accident; it requires adherence to a suitable Construction Safety and Health Program, per DOLE requirements.
## 32. Loading Zones
- **Loading and unloading zone markings** must be red in color.
## 33. Project Definition
- A **Project** is a series of activities with specified objectives that have defined start and end dates, monitored planning, and resource consumption, including money, labor, and equipment.
- a) **All of the above**
- b) I, II, IV, and V
- c) I, II, and IV
- d) I, III, and V
## 34. Contract Changes
- The following reasons may cause a contract change, except for:
- a) Unforeseen conditions
- b) **Poor jobsite productivity**
- c) A change in owner requirements
- d) Designer omission or error
## 35. Road Condition Characteristics
- Factors affecting safety sight distance based on the road environment include:
- I. Road geometry-grade and curvature sight limitations
- II. Road surface-sealed or unsealed, and its smoothness
- III. Road illumination at night
- IV. Road topography
- a) I, II, and III only
- b) **All of the above**
- c) I, III, and IV only
- d) II, III, and IV only
## 36. Structural Properties in Coastal Construction
- Key structural properties vital for material selection in harbor and coastal construction include:
- I. Specific gravity
- II. Material strength
- III. Resistance to cyclical impact loading
- IV. Resistance to seismic forces
- V. Material flexibility
- VI. Structural size
- a) I, II, and III only
- b) IV, V only
- c) I, III, and IV only
- d) **All of the above**
## 37. Piling Definition
- **Piles** are structural components driven into the soil transferring building loads to deeper and stronger soil or rock layers.
## 38. Trip Definition
- A **Trip** is defined as the basic unit of travel behavior, involving movement from a single origin to a single destination, characterized by origins, destinations, purposes, and travel modes.
## 39. Signal Coordination
- **Signal coordination** involves timing signals in relation to one another, allowing vehicles traveling at a determined speed to pass through successive green lights.
## 40. Rumble Strip Purpose
- A **Rumble strip** is a type of thermoplastic lane marking that provides motorists with visual, audio, and motion warnings on the road.
## 41. Grade Resistance
- **Grade resistance** represents the component of vehicle weight that acts parallel to an inclined surface.
## 42. Hazard Circumstances
- **Hazard** refers to circumstances that deviate from standard conditions, permitting occurrences of accidents or incidents.
## 43. Demolition Area Restrictions
- During demolition, no one except workers directly engaged in demolition shall enter an area within a distance equal to 1.5 times the height of the structure being demolished.
## 44. Logistic Definition
- **Logistics** refers to the strategic management of resources, materials, and information to ensure efficient movement and delivery of goods and services.
## 45. Design Speed
- **Design speed** refers to the maximum safe speed that can be maintained over a specified section of highway under favorable conditions governed by design features.
## 46. Bid Bond Valid Statement
- A valid statement regarding a **bid bond** is that it represents costs incurred by the owner if the bidder fails to enter into a contract.
- a) It pays for costs incurred by the bid deadline is mixed.
- b) **It represents the costs that the owners incur if the bidder fails to enter into a contract.**
- c) It represents costs incurred by subcontractors if the project is underbid.
- d) It pays for office overhead costs related to a bid
## 47. Hygroscopic Material Definition
- **Hygroscopic** refers to a substance that tends to absorb water from the air.
## 48. Safe Pile Capacity Data
- The safe capacity of piles driven by powered hammers is based on data comprising:
- I. Average penetration per blow (last six blows)
- II. Energy of hammer
- III. Weight of hammer
- IV. Weight of pile including appurtenances
- V. Coefficient of restitution based on pile weight
- VI. **All of the above**
## 49. Berth Structure Definition
- A **Pier** is a berth structure projecting out from the shoreline.
- a) Groin
- b) Wharf
- c) Breakwater
- d) **Pier**
## 50. Road Alignment Signs
- **Chevron signs** are used to guide drivers through a change in the horizontal alignment of the road.
- a) **Chevron signs**
- b) Supplementary signs
- c) Guide post signs
- d) Delineators
## 51. Road Delineation Devices
- Delineation of road alignment includes:
- I. Pavement Markings
- II. Signs
- III. Guide Posts
- IV. Reflective delineators
- V. Lighting
- VI. Curb or other physical devices
- a) I, II, II, and IV only
- b) I, II, IV, and VI only
- c) I, V, V, and VI only
- d) **All of the above**
## 52. Properties of Queuing Diagrams
- Important properties in queuing diagrams include:
- I. The slope of D(t) is the departure rate; the slope of A(t) is the arrival rate.
- II. The departure rate cannot exceed the service rate or capacity of the server. It may be less.
- III. Cumulative departures can never exceed cumulative arrivals. D(t) can never be above A(t) in the queuing diagram.
- IV. When a queue exists, the departure rate equals the service rate. In the absence of a queue, the same rate equals the arrival rate.
- V. **All of the above**
## 53. Scaffolding Capacity Brackets
- Capacity requirements for all scaffolding must be:
- a) At least four times its own weight
- b) At least 6 times its own weight
- c) At most 6 times its own weight
- d) At most 5 times its own weight
## 54. Highway Driver Elements
- The essential elements of highway driving are referred to as **Driving Task**, encompassing navigation, guidance, and control.
- a) **Driving task**
- b) Ergonomics
- c) Engineering psychology
- d) Range index
## 55. Protective Systems in Excavation
- **Protective systems** include methods for protecting workers from cave-ins during excavations, consisting of support systems, sloping, benching systems, and shield systems.
- a) **Protective system**
- b) Personnel protective system
- c) Fall arrest system
- d) Level arrest system
## 56. Bucket Volume Definitions
- **Bucket load capacity** refers to the volume contained within the bucket outline as determined by the bucket sides.
- a) Plate line capacity
- b) Water line capacity
- c) Heap volume
- d) **Bucket load capacity**
## 57. Contract Definition
- A **Contract** is defined as a formal or legally binding agreement between two parties.
## 58. Toolbox Meeting Definition
- A **Toolbox Meeting** is an informal group discussion that focuses on a specific safety issue, facilitating health and safety culture discussions on job sites.
## 59. Road User Directional Signs
- **Guide signs** inform road users about the directions and distances to destinations on their route or intersecting roads.
- a) Supplementary signs
- b) **Guide signs**
- c) Warning signs
- d) Stack signs
## 60. Specifications Definition
- **Specifications** provide detailed requirements for materials, equipment, and workmanship for projects.
- a) **Specifications**
- b) Bid documents
- c) Estimates
- d) Plans
## 61. Damping Capacity
- **Damping capacity** is the measure of a material’s ability to absorb or dissipate mechanical vibrations.
## 62. Profile Drawing Definition
- A **Profile** is a drawing with elevation as the vertical axis and horizontal distance measured along the centerline as the horizontal axis.
## 63. PERT CPM Network Preparation
- When preparing a report on the PERT CPM network in construction, one should consider:
- a) Pessimistic time network
- b) Optimistic time
- c) Probable time
- d) **All of the above**
## 64. Post-Construction Resolution
- This occurs after completion of construction and the resolution of the majority of punchlist and commissioning issues, known as the **Profile**.
## 65. Concrete Formwork Concept
- **Formwork** is necessary for concrete placement to maintain shape before the concrete sets.
## 66. Benching Technique in Excavation
- **Benching** is a method of protecting workers from cave-ins by creating a series of horizontal levels or steps in excavated areas.
- a) **Benching**
- b) Shoring
- c) Shielding
- d) Fall arrest system
## 67. Concrete Surface Leveling
- The process of leveling a concrete surface with enough mortar after screeding is termed **Floating**.
- a) **Floating**
- b) Edging
- c) Leveling
- d) Bleeding
## 68. Control Joint Placement in Concrete
- **Jointing** involves placing premolded inserts in concrete slabs to control cracking due to shrinkage, immediately after or during edging.
- a) Jointing
- b) Troweling
- c) Leveling
- d) Edging
## 69. Safety Barrier Considerations
- Reasons to establish a need for safety barriers include:
- I. Fore slope and back slope steepness and height
- II. Unforgiving hazards within the clear zone
- III. Water hazards within the clear zone
- a) II only
- b) I only
- c) II and III only
- d) **All of the three**
## 70. Limits on Road Messages
- Messages painted on pavement should be limited to **six words or less**.
- a) **six words or less**
- b) five words or less
- c) four words or less
- d) three words or less
## 71. Types of Pavement Markings
- The four types of pavement and curb markings include:
- a) **longitudinal lines, transverse lines, lane lines, and center lines**
- b) longitudinal lines, transverse lines, stop lines, & center lines
- c) longitudinal lines, transverse lines, transition lines, & stop lines
- d) longitudinal lines, transverse lines, other lines, & other markings
## 72. Overtaking Lane Design Considerations
- Design considerations for overtaking and climbing lanes include:
- I. Initial diverge taper
- II. Auxiliary lane length
- III. End or merge taper
- a) **I, II, & III**
- b) I & II only
- c) II & III only
- d) I & III only
## 73. Road Density Definition
- **Density** is defined as the number of vehicles per unit distance occupying a roadway section at a given instant in time, measured in vehicles per mile or kilometer.
- a) flow
- b) **density**
- c) capacity
- d) volume
## 74. Continuous Waterfront Structure
- A **Wharf** is a continuous structure built parallel to the shoreline for loading and unloading ships.
- a) pier
- b) **wharf**
- c) port
- d) lighthouse
## 75. Vertical Design Factors
- The minimum **K value** for sag vertical should be based on the following factors:
- I. Safety sight distance for drivers
- II. Appearance in low fill and flat areas
- III. Riding comfort, especially at floodway approaches
- IV. Vertical alignment fitting into natural terrain.
- a) I, II, & III only
- b) I, III, & IV only
- c) I, II, & IV only
- d) II, III, & IV only
## 76. Rumble Strip Definition
- A **Rumble strip** is a thermoplastic lane marking designed for visual, audio, and motion warnings for motorists on the road.
- a) regulatory signs
- b) diagonal marking
- c) chevron marking
- d) **rumble strip**
## 77. Lane Line Continuation Rules
- Lane lines must not be continued in the following scenarios:
- I. Across signalized intersections, where low priority road lines must be discontinued.
- II. Across side street entrances, except for one-way streets.
- III. Past the start of the taper at multi-lane road narrows.
- IV. On roads with more than two lanes without median islands.
- a) I, II, & IV
- b). I, II, & IV
- c) II, III, & IV
- d) I, II, and III
## 78. Directional Information Signs
- **Guide signs** serve to inform road users about directions, distances to destinations, and service locations.
- a) **guide signs**
- b) warning signs
- c) regulatory sign
- d) traffic sign
## 79. Benefits of Shoulder Paving
- **Shoulder paving** offers:
- I. Integrity of the pavement
- II. Width for edge line pavement markings
- III. Enhanced safety to prevent vehicle skidding
- IV. Lower maintenance costs compared to paved shoulders
- a) I, III, & IV only
- b) **all of the above**
- c) I, II, & III only
- d) II, III, & IV only
## 80. Structures Built into the Sea
- A **Pier** is defined as a structure built into the sea but not aligned parallel to the coastline, which serves various purposes for vessels.
- a) lighthouse
- b) port
- c) **pier**
- d) wharf
## 81. Navigable Water Definitions
- A navigable body of water leading to a harbor is referred to as a **Channel**.
- a) fairway
- b) **channel**
- c) shoal
- d) significant depth
## 82. Types of Curves in Roads
- **Vertical curves** are typically parabolas centered around the point of intersection of vertical tangents they connect.
- a) **vertical curve**
- b) vertical tangent
- c) spiral curve
- d) grade
## 83. Wind-Generated Waves
- Waves under wind influence are referred to as **Sea waves**.
- A. Wakes
- B. **Sea**
- C. Swells
- D. Seiching
## 84. Traffic Flow Rate
- The **Capacity** refers to the maximum sustained rate of flow for vehicles (passenger cars per hour per lane) under uniform conditions on a freeway segment.
- A. Density
- B. Traffic flow
- C. **Capacity**
- D. Design hourly volume
## 85. Hazardous Condition Warnings
- **Warning signs** inform road users about hazardous or unexpected road conditions.
- A. Roadwork signs
- B. **Warning signs**
- C. Traffic signs
- D. Guide signs
## 86. Purpose of Edge Lines
- The purpose of **edge lines** includes discouraging shoulder travel, enhancing safety at night, guiding past hazards, and delineating the edge of the traveled way from the shoulder.
- A. I
- B. IV
- C. V
- D. II
## 87. Road Capacity Measurement
- **Road capacity** is the maximum number of vehicles expected to pass over a given section of a roadway in one direction during one hour.
- A. **Road capacity**
- B. Flow of traffic
- C. Density
- D. Free flow
## 88. High-Rise Building Cleaners
- For window cleaners of high-rise buildings, **Slung Scaffold** is most appropriate for providing a suspended working platform.
- a) Birdcage Scaffold
- b) **Slung Scaffold**
- c) Cantilever Scaffold
- d) Trestle Scaffold
## 89. Leading Workplace Fatalities
- **Falls** are the leading cause accounting for more than 50% of workplace fatalities.
- a) Slips
- b) Trips
- c) **Falls**
- d) Electrocution
## 90. Excavation Material Placement
- Excavated material should be kept from the excavation edge at a distance not less than **1/4** of the excavation depth.
- a) **1/4**
- b) 1/3
- c) 1/2
- d) 2/3
## 91. Temporary Vertical Support Definition
- **Dead Shore** refers to temporary vertical support installed directly beneath structural elements while repairs or foundation work is conducted.
- A. **Dead Shore**
- B. Lateral Bracing
- C. Cantilever Prop
- D. Raking Shore
## 92. Building Information Modeling
- **Building Information Modeling** (BIM) is a 3D model-driven process generating a digital representation of facility features, supporting informed decision-making throughout its lifecycle.
- A. CAD Drafting
- B. **Building Information Modeling**
- C. GIS Mapping
- D. Structural Analysis Software
## 93. Operating Costs in Contracting
- **Operating Cost** refers to expenses incurred while using equipment for project execution, including repair costs, parts replacement, fuels, labor, and storage.
- A. I, II, III, IV
- B. I, II, III, IV, V
- C. I, II, III
- D. II, III, IV
## 94. Water Supply Pipe Terminology
- In a water supply system, the vertical pipes are referred to as **risers**, and the horizontal pipes as **branches**.
- A. branches and risers respectively
- B. **risers and branches respectively**
- C. roughing ins and connections respectively
- D. connections and roughing ins respectively
## 95. Joint Sealant Definition
- A **Joint Sealant** is a rubber or rubber-like material used to fill and seal joints or openings, either alone or with other materials.
- A. Grout
- B. **Joint Sealant**
- C. Adhesive
- D. Mortar
## 96. Demolition Area Entry Restriction
- During demolition, no one except those engaged in the work shall enter an area within a distance of **1.5 times the height** of the structure being demolished.
- A. 1.2 times the height of the structure
- B. 2.0 times the height of the structure
- C. **1.5 times the height of the structure**
- D. 3.0 times the height of the structure
## 97. Vertical Pipe Definition
- A **Riser** is a vertical pipe used to transport fluids between different floors of a building.
- A. Drain
- B. Conduit
- C. **Riser**
- D. Vent
## 98. Plan View Definition
- A **Plan View** is a scaled drawing representing the layout of a structure as seen from above, detailing the arrangement of spaces, walls, and features.
- A. **Plan View**
- B. Section View
- C. Isometric View
- D. Elevation View
## 99. Corrosion-Resistant Coating
- **Epoxy** is a common protective coating for enhancing corrosion resistance and durability of pipes and appliances.
- A. **Epoxy**
- B. Latex
- C. Polyurethane
- D. Acrylic
## 100. Surveying Type Acknowledgment
- **Geodetic Surveying** is the type of surveying that takes the curvature of the Earth into account.
- A. **Geodetic Surveying**
- B. Plane Surveying
- C. Topographic Surveying
- D. Hydrographic Surveying
## 101. Competency Standards Defined
- **Competency Standards** define the required skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary for effective job performance in the workplace.
- A. Work Ethics
- B. **Competency Standards**
- C. Training Manuals
- D. Job Description
## 102. Concrete Retarder Example
- A commonly used chemical compound as a retarder in concrete is **Calcium lignosulphonate**.
- A. Calcium chloride
- B. Aluminum powder
- C. Potassium carbonate
- D. **Calcium lignosulphonate**
## 103. Sub-base Thickness Determination
- The minimum thickness for one layer of compacted granular sub-base should be **20 cm**.
- A. 10 cm
- B. **20 cm**
- C. 15 cm
- D. 12 cm
## 104. Hazard Control Classification
- The type of hazard control that involves replacing a toxic or hazardous material with a less harmful one is termed **Substitution**.
- A. **Substitution**
- B. Elimination
- C. Engineering Control
- D. Administrative Control
## 2. Substitution
- B. Elimination
- C. Engineering Control
- D. Administrative Control
## 2. Substitution
- B. Elimination
- C. Engineering Control
- D. Administrative Control
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