📘 Midterm Prep Breakdown by Module
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Module 1: Prehistory & Early Antiquity
Core skills: define, identify, recognize
1. Architecture vs. Landscape Architecture
• Architecture: Design of buildings/spaces for shelter, ritual, politics, religion.
• Landscape Architecture: Shaping land + open spaces (gardens, courtyards, irrigation, urban layout).
• Difference = building-focused vs. environment/land-focused.
2. Key Developments (political, social, religious, etc.)
• Prehistory: Ritual (caves, megaliths), communal identity, proto-urban settlements (Çatalhöyük).
• Mesopotamia: City-states, ziggurat = religious + political center.
• Egypt: Pharaoh divine kingship → pyramids, temples aligned with afterlife beliefs.
• Persia: Paradise gardens = political power + cosmology.
3. Cultural Norms & Constructive Aspects
• Collective ritual identity (Stonehenge, Lascaux).
• Monumentality as a sign of authority (ziggurats, pyramids).
• Use of available materials (mudbrick in Mesopotamia, stone in Egypt).
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Module 2: Greco-Roman World
Core skills: apply, identify, recognize
1. Apply definitions (Arch. vs. Landscape Arch.)
• Greek: Architecture = temples, theaters, stoas. Landscape = agoras, acropoleis, orthogonal plans.
• Roman: Architecture = basilicas, baths, Colosseum, Pantheon. Landscape = forums, imperial gardens, urban grids, aqueduct networks.
2. Key Developments
• Greek: Polis as civic/religious/political unit. Rational planning (Miletus). Development of orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian). Democracy + temples as civic identity.
• Hellenistic: New typologies (libraries, palaces, theaters).
• Roman: Empire → infrastructure + propaganda. Concrete, arches, domes → new scale. Baths + arenas = social cohesion.
3. Cultural Norms & Constructive Aspects
• Greek: Balance, proportion, humanism, rational order.
• Roman: Engineering, spectacle, imperial ideology.
• Shared: religion + politics fused in space (temples, forums)
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