Ionic Bonding and Simple Ionic Compounds

Ions

Atoms that gain or lose electrons in order to follow the octet rule

when atoms form ions, their highest energy level is full.

To determine which ion will form, determine whether adding or losing elections is easier for the atom

The Charge of the atom is equal to: (number of protons) - (number of electrons)

Ions have different physical and Chemical properties than the neutral element

neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons -uncharged

Atoms that add electrons now have more electrons than protons, become negatively charged - Anions

Atoms that lose electrons have fewer electrons than protons, become more positively charged - cations

Form from the electrostatic attraction (of opposite Charges) between ions-Ionic bond

Generally composed of metal cations and nonmetal anions

overall neutral Charge so there must be an equal amount of positive charge coming from the cations and negative charge coming from the anions

Determine the Chase of the ions in the periodic table

combine the ions in a formula so that the total charge sums to zero

write the cation first, then the anion, and do not include Charges

Check the formula by examining the charges on the ions and the subscripts in the formula

can sometimes form more than one cation.

consist of groups of atoms that are bonded together and have an overall electric charge

combine with cations the same way single ions do

If more than one is found in a compound, the ion is placed in Parentheses and subscripted

There is one polyatomic cation: NH₄⁺ which combines with anions in the same way group 1A metals do

The Charge on a transition metal cation will either be provided or can be figured out by the amount of negative charge coming from the anion