1.
Parts of a Drama
A.Plot
- contains the story and the events that are to unfold
-timelines,sequence,flows,events
- exposition,rising action,climax,falling action,denouement
a.Exposition
-introduces the characters,settings,and other things
b.Rising Action
-where the conflict is introduced and grows through time
c.Climax
-where the characters face the problem face-to-face,the most exciting partd.Falling Action
-where the characters start to solve the problem
e.Denouement
-the ending;in movies,where the credits start
- also called epilogue
B.Characters
-the ones that move the action of the play
- have their own distinct personaliy,age,appearance,beliefs,
socio-economic background,and language (characterization)
a. Different Types of Characters in Literature
- can be characterized according to roles,archetypes,assigned in a fiction
·Character Types in Stories:
1.Protagonist
-main character
2.Antagonist
-villain of the story
3.Love Interest
-love interest
4.Confidant
- best friend or sidekick of the protagonist
5.Deuteragonists
-characters that often overlap with confidants
6.Tertiary Characters
- populate the world of the story but do not necessarily to the main storyline7.Foil Character
-instrument that brings out the protagonist's personality
·Character Types in Fiction:
1.Dynamic Character
-changes over the course of a story
-can have changes i personality,etc.
2.Round Character
-major character who flows fluidity and the capacity for change from themoment we meet them
3.Static/Flat Character
- does not noticeably change over the course of a story
4.Stock Character
-archetypal characters with a fixed set of personality traits
5.Symbolic Character
-represents a concept or theme larger than themselves
-may also be other character types
·Character Archetypes (Carl Jung):
1.The Lover
- romantic lead who's guided by the heart
2.The Hero
-the protagonist who rises to meet a challenge and saves the day3.The Magician
- a powerful figure who has hamessed the ways of the universe to achievetheir goals
4.The Outlaw
-the rebel who won't abide by society's demands
- can be a bad guy, but not always
5.The Explorer
- a character naturally driven to push boundaries and find what's next6.The Sage
7.The Innocent
- morally pure characters, often a child, whose only intentions aregood8.The Creator
- motivated visionary who creates art or structures during the narrative9.The Ruler
- a character with legal or cmotional power over others10.The Caregiver
- character who continually supports others and makes sacrifices on theirbehalf
11.The Everyman
-relatablc character who feels recognizable from daily life12.The Jester
-intentionally funny character who provides comic relief but may alsospeak important truths
C.Theme
-central idea of the play
-subject matter
D.Language/Diction
-word choices made by the playwright and how the actors play out theirscripts
E.Music/Rhythm
mean the aspects of the melody and music compositions as wit musicaltheatre
F.Spectacle
-involves the aspct of scenery, costumes, and special effects in aproduction
- visual effects of the play
II.Notable Theater Groups in the Philippines
1.Tanghalang Pilipino
3.Repertory Philippines Foundation Incorporated
4.Gantimpala Theater Foundation
III.Situation of Drama in the Philippines
-Though the Philippines is slowly gaining global recognition due to itsquality, it's slowly losing number due to inadequate support from anaudience and the government.
- "Unless it was free, it was hard to take the audience in"
Lesson 2: Approaches to Analyzing a Drama
Terms
Theater Critique:
- paper that contains a formal, written discussion of a performance of amusical or a play
Literary Criticism:
-analyzing a piece,whether prose or poem
I.Approaches in Analyzing Literature
1.Formalistic
- stressed items like symbols, images, and structure, and how one part ofthe work relates to other parts and the whole
- focuses on symbolism and other literary parts
2.Philosophical
-focuses on themes,the view ofthe world,moral statements,and theauthor's philosophy
3.Biographical
-aims to find the connection between the piece and the author's backgroundand personal experiences
4.Historical
- connection of the work to the historical period in which it was written
-literary historians attempt to connect the historical background of thework to specific aspects of the work
5.Psychological
-focuses on the psychological approach
-wise figure with knowledge for those who inquire