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Convergence Tests
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Media convergence
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Convergence tests
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Here are the key terms and definitions extracted from the document: 1. Crime-Scene Reconstruction: A method used to support a likely sequence of events through physical evidence and witness statements. 2. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA): The study of bloodstains to interpret the events of a crime scene. 3. Impact Angle: The angle at which a blood droplet strikes a surface, determined using the equation:  4. Surface Texture: A key factor in determining bloodstain characteristics, with harder, less porous surfaces resulting in less spatter. 5. Contact/Transfer Stains: Created when a blood-covered object comes into contact with another surface. • Static Transfers: No lateral movement (e.g., handprints, footprints). • Dynamic Transfers: Lateral motion occurs (e.g., swipes and wipes). 6. Swipe Pattern: Bloodstain resulting from the transfer of blood from a blood-bearing surface onto another surface, indicating motion. 7. Spatter Stains: Bloodstains dispersed through the air due to an external force. • Expiration Pattern: Blood projected from the airways. • Gunshot Spatter: Fine forward spatter from an exit wound and back spatter from an entrance wound. • Arterial Spurt: Blood spurting from a damaged artery due to heart pressure. 8. Cast-Off Pattern: Blood flung from a blood-covered object in motion, commonly seen with weapons. 9. Void Pattern: A blank space in bloodstain deposition due to an object or person blocking the spatter. 10. Flow Patterns: Bloodstains created by the flow of blood under gravitational force, which can indicate movement. 11. Pool of Blood: Blood that collects in a level and undisturbed area, which can give clues about timing. 12. Altered Bloodstains: Bloodstains affected by external factors such as insect activity, clotting, diffusion, or cleanup attempts. 13. Documentation Methods: • Grid Method: A grid overlay is placed on the bloodstain pattern for measurement. • Perimeter Ruler Method: Rulers are placed around stains to provide scale in photographs. 14. Area of Convergence: The point on a two-dimensional plane where bloodstains originated. 15. Area of Origin: The three-dimensional space where blood was projected from, determined using string or laser methods
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