Three types of muscle tissue o Compare and contrast the three basic types of muscle tissue. • List four characteristics of muscle tissue. • List the functions of muscle tissue • Describe the gross structure of a skeletal muscle. o Organization of muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilaments o Connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscle: ▪ epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. o Describe what origins and insertions are in a general terms • Describe the microscopic structure and functional roles of the myofibrils, sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and T tubules of skeletal muscle fibers. o Myoglobin, glycosomes o M line, Z disc o Triad • Sliding filament model of muscle contraction • Composition of thick and thin filaments o Structure of Actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin, Myosin • AP, hyperpolarization, depolarization • Ion channel function • Refractory period • Explain how muscle fibers are stimulated to contract by describing events that occur at the neuromuscular junction. • Follow the events of excitation-contraction coupling that lead to cross bridge activity. • Describe cross bridge cycling • Define motor unit and muscle twitch, and describe the events occurring during the three phases of a muscle twitch. • Muscle Atrophy • Explain how smooth, graded contractions of a skeletal muscle are produced. o Temporal summation o Multiple motor unit summation (recruitment) ▪ Know the recruitment thresholds • Differentiate between isometric and isotonic contractions. • Describe three ways in which ATP is generated during skeletal muscle contraction. o Be able to compare and contrast the three modes of ATP generation o Know important molecules (i.e. creatine), whether oxygen is necessary, by-products (i.e. lactic acid) • Define EPOC and muscle fatigue. List possible causes of muscle fatigue. • Describe factors that influence the force, velocity, and duration of skeletal muscle contraction. • Describe the three types of skeletal muscle fibers (slow and fast oxidative, fast glycolytic) • Compare and contrast the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on skeletal muscles • Compare the gross and microscopic anatomy of smooth muscle cells to that of skeletal muscle cells

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