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Philosophy learning course Episode one •the three main branches of philosophy -Metaphysics -Epistemology -Value theory -the origins of philosophy mostly came from Ancient Greece. -How to understand and evaluate world views -logic Episode two -Aristotle once said that humans are the rational animal -rationality sets us humans apart from other species, it is our distinguishing characteristic! •Arguments and strong reasoning will not only make you a better philosopher, but it’ll also make you a more persuasive person. •Tripartite soul: A theory from Plato -Rational|Logical - seeks truth and is swayed by facts and arguments -Spirited|Emotional - how feelings fuel your actions -Appetitive|Physical Desires - drives you to eat, have sex, and protect yourself -side note, philosophers, like me.. heh, love thinking about questions, especially ones that don’t quite yet have answers! -use philosophical “wind sprints” as exercises in a way! •Argument structures -Premises help structure your argument, they’re used as a proposition to justify a conclusion. In deductive arguments, it says that if your premises are true, then your conclusion MUST be true! -ex. : premise 1 - all humans are mortal. premise 2 - Socrates is a human. conclusion - Socrates is mortal. -Entailments are when two things or more are taken together to entail an answer. -ex. : premise 1 -> premise 2 -> conclusion/answer The truth of the premises MUST lead to the conclusion! -Validity is when an argument is well, valid, if the truth of the premises guarantees (entails) the truth of the conclusion. -ex. : premise 1 -> premise 2 -> conclusion/answer says that Socrates was Plato’s teacher The conclusion/answer is wrong because the previous premises do not entail that conclusion whatsoever, invalid! -Validity is NOT the same as truth. -Deductive soundness: Validity+All true premises -An argument CAN be valid, but not logically correct

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