Search for Reception

FRESHMAN THEOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Mrs. Innamorato + Mrs. Huntt SACRAMENTS Word Bank: Jesus | grace | physical | Christ | priest | faith | outward/visible sign | Church A sacrament is an outward/visible sign of inward grace. Jesus instituted the sacraments. Catholics believe God uses physical things to give spiritual grace. Sacraments help strengthen our faith. A sacrament works because of God’s power, not because of the holiness of the priest. Sacraments are actions of Christ working through the Church. A sacrament actually gives grace, not just symbolizes it. True or False (correct if needed): The sacraments are important in Catholic life. → True The words and physical elements of a sacrament matter. → True If the correct matter and form are missing, a sacrament may be invalid. → True A sacrament can be effective even if the person receiving it does not feel anything. → True Sacraments shape both the individual and the entire Church community. → True BAPTISM Word Bank: Original Sin | water | Baptism | adoption | white | oil Baptism actually removes Original Sin. Baptism is required before receiving the other sacraments. We see adoption happen in Baptism. What color do we wear in Baptism? white What form gives strength against sin, protection from evil, and preparation for Christian life? oil True or False: A person must feel changed for Baptism to be effective. → False (Baptism works even if you don’t feel it) In an emergency, a non-priest can baptize someone. → True Baptism only matters if someone continues to practice the faith. → False (it always matters) SANCTIFYING GRACE When God’s own life lives within your soul, this is called Sanctifying Grace. THE EUCHARIST Word Bank: Body and Blood | bread and wine | Cross | Host | appearance | Eucharist Catholics believe Jesus is truly present in the Host. The Eucharist is truly the Body and Blood of Christ. bread and wine are used because they were common foods at the Last Supper. The appearance of bread and wine remains after consecration. The Eucharist is the same sacrifice as the Cross, made present again. Jesus is fully present in every particle of the Host. True or False: The Eucharist is a symbol that helps Catholics remember Jesus. → False (It IS Jesus, not just a symbol) The Eucharist is the most important sacrament. → True EUCHARISTIC MIRACLES Every Eucharistic Miracle has the following elements: (Typical answer: consecrated host showing physical change into flesh/blood, confirmed by Church approval, and a miracle that strengthens faith) CONFIRMATION & SACRED CHRISM Word Bank: bishop | permanent spiritual mark | noticeable | Christ forever | apostles | remains | perfume | forehead Sacred Chrism is blessed by the bishop once a year. The anointing with Chrism leaves a permanent spiritual mark. The scent of Chrism is meant to remind Christians that faith should be noticeable. The anointing with Chrism shows that a person belongs to Christ forever. The bishop’s role in blessing Chrism connects the sacrament to the apostles. The oil of Chrism fades, but the seal it gives remains. What form is supposed to remind us that faith should be noticeable? perfume Why is your forehead anointed in Confirmation? → To show faith publicly and visibly. RECONCILIATION Word Bank: apostles | Christ | grace | confession | forgiveness Jesus gave the apostles the authority to forgive sins. In Reconciliation, the priest acts in the person of Christ. Reconciliation restores grace lost through sin. Heaven rejoices when someone goes to confession. God forgives sins even if the priest is not personally holy because forgiveness comes from Christ. True or False: Reconciliation was created by the Church long after Jesus. → False A priest may share what is said in confession. → False Confession must be spoken out loud. → True If you purposely don’t say a sin, you are in deeper sin. → True ANOINTING OF THE SICK & LAST RITES Word Bank: Confession | Anointing of the Sick | Holy Communion | Apostolic Pardon | Viaticum Last Rites may include: Confession, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Communion, Apostolic Pardon, Viaticum The Apostolic Pardon removes all punishment due to sin. Viaticum is the Eucharist given to someone preparing to meet God. Confession is normally received before Anointing of the Sick, if possible. True or False: Last Rites should only be given at the end of life. → False The Apostolic Pardon is only effective if the person is conscious. → False Last Rites prepare the soul, not signal hopelessness. → True A person is abandoned by the Church afterward. → False HOLY ORDERS & MARRIAGE Openness to children is required for a valid marriage. Marriage can be repeated if one spouse dies. Deacons can baptize and witness marriages but cannot consecrate the Eucharist. True or False: Contraception is allowed in Catholic marriage. → False Priests act in Christ’s person only during Mass. → False (also sacraments/confession) Nuns and sisters have roles sacramentally equivalent to priests. → False HEAVEN Word Bank: God | Beatific Vision | identity | saints Heaven is perfect union with God. Beatific Vision means seeing God face to face in perfect happiness. In Heaven we keep our identity. If we go to Heaven we become saints. True or False: We keep identity and relationships in Heaven. → True We can suffer in Heaven. → False We become angels. → False HELL Word Bank: without God | eternal | human freedom | reject God Hell is without God. Hell is eternal separation from God. Hell is evidence of human freedom. People in Hell freely reject God and His love. True or False: People can pray souls out of Hell. → False PURGATORY Word Bank: purification | temporary | Heaven | God’s grace | unclean Purgatory is a place of purification. Purgatory is temporary. Purgatory leads us to Heaven. Those who die in God’s grace but need purification go to Purgatory. Nothing unclean enters Heaven. True or False: Heaven and Purgatory are both temporary. → False Can you help souls in Purgatory? → Yes DIVINE MERCY Jesus appeared to St. Faustina and taught the Divine Mercy Chaplet. “For the sake of His sorrowful passion, have mercy on us and on the whole world.” Divine Mercy is found in the Heart of Jesus. PRAYER Word Bank: Adoration | Contrition | Thanksgiving | Supplication ACTS stands for: A = Adoration C = Contrition T = Thanksgiving S = Supplication Prayer is communication with God. Prayer involves speaking and listening. True or False: Prayer is only asking God for things. → False Prayer strengthens relationship with God. → True Jesus modeled prayer. → True ELIJAH & PRAYER Elijah challenged prophets of Baal. Elijah rebuilt the altar of the Lord. God sent fire from heaven. “The Lord—He is God!” True or False: Elijah tried to prove his own power. → False Elijah trusted God before result. → True God answered Elijah’s prayer. → True SOUL (MOVIE) Joe Gardner wants to be a jazz musician. The soul 22 does not want to go to Earth. A “spark” is not the same as a person’s purpose/soul. FREE WILL & JOSEPH Joseph’s brothers sold him. He was taken to Egypt. “You intended harm, but God intended it for good.” True or False: Joseph’s life went exactly as planned. → False God worked through it. → True Joseph did not forgive. → False END TIMES Death Judgment Heaven Hell immediately end God God purification True or False: Catholics believe in rapture. → False Christ will return. → True Hell is real. → True Choices matter eternally. → True TUDY GUIDE SACRAMENTS Word Bank: Jesus | grace | physical | Christ | priest | faith | outward/visible sign | Church A sacrament is an outward/visible sign of inward grace. Jesus instituted the sacraments. Catholics believe God uses physical things to give spiritual grace. Sacraments help strengthen our faith. A sacrament works because of God’s power, not because of the holiness of the priest. Sacraments are actions of Christ working through the Church. A sacrament actually gives grace, not just symbolizes it. True or False (correct if needed): The sacraments are important in Catholic life. → True The words and physical elements of a sacrament matter. → True If the correct matter and form are missing, a sacrament may be invalid. → True A sacrament can be effective even if the person receiving it does not feel anything. → True Sacraments shape both the individual and the entire Church community. → True BAPTISM Word Bank: Original Sin | water | Baptism | adoption | white | oil Baptism actually removes Original Sin. Baptism is required before receiving the other sacraments. We see adoption happen in Baptism. What color do we wear in Baptism? white What form gives strength against sin, protection from evil, and preparation for Christian life? oil True or False: A person must feel changed for Baptism to be effective. → False (Baptism works even if you don’t feel it) In an emergency, a non-priest can baptize someone. → True Baptism only matters if someone continues to practice the faith. → False (it always matters) SANCTIFYING GRACE When God’s own life lives within your soul, this is called Sanctifying Grace. THE EUCHARIST Word Bank: Body and Blood | bread and wine | Cross | Host | appearance | Eucharist Catholics believe Jesus is truly present in the Host. The Eucharist is truly the Body and Blood of Christ. bread and wine are used because they were common foods at the Last Supper. The appearance of bread and wine remains after consecration. The Eucharist is the same sacrifice as the Cross, made present again. Jesus is fully present in every particle of the Host. True or False: The Eucharist is a symbol that helps Catholics remember Jesus. → False (It IS Jesus, not just a symbol) The Eucharist is the most important sacrament. → True EUCHARISTIC MIRACLES Every Eucharistic Miracle has the following elements: (Typical answer: consecrated host showing physical change into flesh/blood, confirmed by Church approval, and a miracle that strengthens faith) CONFIRMATION & SACRED CHRISM Word Bank: bishop | permanent spiritual mark | noticeable | Christ forever | apostles | remains | perfume | forehead Sacred Chrism is blessed by the bishop once a year. The anointing with Chrism leaves a permanent spiritual mark. The scent of Chrism is meant to remind Christians that faith should be noticeable. The anointing with Chrism shows that a person belongs to Christ forever. The bishop’s role in blessing Chrism connects the sacrament to the apostles. The oil of Chrism fades, but the seal it gives remains. What form is supposed to remind us that faith should be noticeable? perfume Why is your forehead anointed in Confirmation? → To show faith publicly and visibly. RECONCILIATION Word Bank: apostles | Christ | grace | confession | forgiveness Jesus gave the apostles the authority to forgive sins. In Reconciliation, the priest acts in the person of Christ. Reconciliation restores grace lost through sin. Heaven rejoices when someone goes to confession. God forgives sins even if the priest is not personally holy because forgiveness comes from Christ. True or False: Reconciliation was created by the Church long after Jesus. → False A priest may share what is said in confession. → False Confession must be spoken out loud. → True If you purposely don’t say a sin, you are in deeper sin. → True ANOINTING OF THE SICK & LAST RITES Word Bank: Confession | Anointing of the Sick | Holy Communion | Apostolic Pardon | Viaticum Last Rites may include: Confession, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Communion, Apostolic Pardon, Viaticum The Apostolic Pardon removes all punishment due to sin. Viaticum is the Eucharist given to someone preparing to meet God. Confession is normally received before Anointing of the Sick, if possible. True or False: Last Rites should only be given at the end of life. → False The Apostolic Pardon is only effective if the person is conscious. → False Last Rites prepare the soul, not signal hopelessness. → True A person is abandoned by the Church afterward. → False HOLY ORDERS & MARRIAGE Openness to children is required for a valid marriage. Marriage can be repeated if one spouse dies. Deacons can baptize and witness marriages but cannot consecrate the Eucharist. True or False: Contraception is allowed in Catholic marriage. → False Priests act in Christ’s person only during Mass. → False (also sacraments/confession) Nuns and sisters have roles sacramentally equivalent to priests. → False HEAVEN Word Bank: God | Beatific Vision | identity | saints Heaven is perfect union with God. Beatific Vision means seeing God face to face in perfect happiness. In Heaven we keep our identity. If we go to Heaven we become saints. True or False: We keep identity and relationships in Heaven. → True We can suffer in Heaven. → False We become angels. → False HELL Word Bank: without God | eternal | human freedom | reject God Hell is without God. Hell is eternal separation from God. Hell is evidence of human freedom. People in Hell freely reject God and His love. True or False: People can pray souls out of Hell. → False PURGATORY Word Bank: purification | temporary | Heaven | God’s grace | unclean Purgatory is a place of purification. Purgatory is temporary. Purgatory leads us to Heaven. Those who die in God’s grace but need purification go to Purgatory. Nothing unclean enters Heaven. True or False: Heaven and Purgatory are both temporary. → False Can you help souls in Purgatory? → Yes DIVINE MERCY Jesus appeared to St. Faustina and taught the Divine Mercy Chaplet. “For the sake of His sorrowful passion, have mercy on us and on the whole world.” Divine Mercy is found in the Heart of Jesus. PRAYER Word Bank: Adoration | Contrition | Thanksgiving | Supplication ACTS stands for: A = Adoration C = Contrition T = Thanksgiving S = Supplication Prayer is communication with God. Prayer involves speaking and listening. True or False: Prayer is only asking God for things. → False Prayer strengthens relationship with God. → True Jesus modeled prayer. → True ELIJAH & PRAYER Elijah challenged prophets of Baal. Elijah rebuilt the altar of the Lord. God sent fire from heaven. “The Lord—He is God!” True or False: Elijah tried to prove his own power. → False Elijah trusted God before result. → True God answered Elijah’s prayer. → True SOUL (MOVIE) Joe Gardner wants to be a jazz musician. The soul 22 does not want to go to Earth. A “spark” is not the same as a person’s purpose/soul. FREE WILL & JOSEPH Joseph’s brothers sold him. He was taken to Egypt. “You intended harm, but God intended it for good.” True or False: Joseph’s life went exactly as planned. → False God worked through it. → True Joseph did not forgive. → False END TIMES Death Judgment Heaven Hell immediately end God God purification True or False: Catholics believe in rapture. → False Christ will return. → True Hell is real. → True Choices matter eternally. → True

: What is the common name for the clavicle? A: Collarbone Q: What is the common name for the scapula? A: Shoulder blade Q: What bone is located in the upper arm? A: Humerus Q: Which forearm bone is lateral (thumb side)? A: Radius Q: Which forearm bone is medial (pinky side)? A: Ulna Q: What structure forms the point of the elbow? A: Olecranon process of the ulna Q: What fossa does the olecranon process fit into? A: Olecranon fossa Carpal Bones Q: How many carpal bones are there? A: 8 Q: Name the proximal row of carpal bones. A: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform Q: Name the distal row of carpal bones. A: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate Q: What mnemonic helps remember the carpal bones? A: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle Hand Bones Q: What are the hand bones called? A: Metacarpals Q: What are the three parts of a metacarpal? A: Base, Shaft, Head Q: How many phalanges does the thumb have? A: 2 (Proximal and Distal) Q: How many phalanges do the other fingers have? A: 3 (Proximal, Middle, Distal) Pelvis & Lower Extremity Q: What is the superior portion of the pelvis? A: Ilium Q: What is the anterior pelvic bone? A: Pubis Q: What is the posterior-inferior pelvic bone? A: Ischium Q: What is the large opening in the pelvis called? A: Obturator foramen Q: What is the thigh bone? A: Femur Q: What is the medial lower leg bone? A: Tibia Q: What is the lateral lower leg bone? A: Fibula Q: What is the distal tibia called? A: Medial malleolus Q: What is the distal fibula called? A: Lateral malleolus Q: What ankle bone articulates with both malleoli? A: Talus Q: What is the heel bone called? A: Calcaneus Anatomy Terms Q: What is osteology? A: Study of bones Q: What is arthrology? A: Study of joints Q: What is kinesiology? A: Study of body movement Q: What is another name for a joint? A: Articulation Joints Q: What is a synarthrosis? A: Nonmovable joint Q: Give an example of a synarthrosis. A: Skull suture Q: What type of joint is a tooth? A: Gomphosis Q: What is an amphiarthrosis? A: Slightly movable joint Q: Give an example of an amphiarthrosis. A: Pubic symphysis Q: What is a diarthrosis? A: Freely movable joint Q: What fluid is found inside synovial joints? A: Synovial fluid Q: What type of joint is the shoulder? A: Ball-and-socket Q: What type of joint is the hip? A: Ball-and-socket Q: What type of joint is the elbow? A: Hinge joint Q: What type of joint is the knee? A: Hinge joint Q: What type of joint is the wrist? A: Condyloid joint Q: What type of joint is the thumb? A: Saddle joint Q: What type of joint is found between tarsal bones? A: Gliding joint Ligaments Q: What ligament stabilizes the medial side of the elbow? A: Ulnar collateral ligament Q: What ligament stabilizes the lateral side of the elbow? A: Radial collateral ligament Q: What does ACL stand for? A: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Q: What does PCL stand for? A: Posterior Cruciate Ligament Muscle Tissue Q: What is the muscle cell membrane called? A: Sarcolemma Q: What is the muscle cell cytoplasm called? A: Sarcoplasm Q: What are the contractile organelles called? A: Myofibrils Q: What is the functional unit of muscle contraction? A: Sarcomere Q: What is the thick filament? A: Myosin Q: What is the thin filament? A: Actin Q: What regulatory proteins control contraction? A: Troponin and Tropomyosin Connective Tissue Coverings Q: What surrounds an individual muscle fiber? A: Endomysium Q: What surrounds a fascicle? A: Perimysium Q: What surrounds the entire muscle? A: Epimysium Q: What surrounds groups of muscles? A: Fascia Facial Muscles Q: What muscle closes the eye? A: Orbicularis oculi Q: What muscle opens the eye? A: Levator palpebrae superioris Q: What muscle wrinkles the nose? A: Nasalis Q: What muscle closes the lips? A: Orbicularis oris Q: What muscle is known as the "kissing muscle"? A: Buccinator Q: What muscle causes smiling? A: Zygomaticus major and minor Q: What muscle causes pouting? A: Mentalis Muscle Actions Q: What are muscles that work together called? A: Synergists Q: What are muscles that oppose each other called? A: Antagonists Q: What are muscles that stabilize joints called? A: Fixators (Stabilizers) Q: What is the main muscle performing an action called? A: Prime mover Q: Where does a muscle begin? A: Origin Q: Where does a muscle attach? A: Insertion Q: What is the thick middle portion of a muscle? A: Belly Mastication (Chewing) Muscles Q: What mnemonic helps remember the muscles of mastication? A: TIME Q: What does T stand for in TIME? A: Temporalis Q: What does M stand for in TIME? A: Masseter Q: What does I stand for in TIME? A: Internal (Medial) Pterygoid Q: What does E stand for in TIME? A: External (Lateral) Pterygoid Tongue Muscles Q: What muscle sticks the tongue out? A: Genioglossus Q: What muscle pulls the tongue in? A: Styloglossus Q: What muscle elevates the tongue? A: Palatoglossus Q: What muscle depresses the tongue? A: Hyoglossus Rotator Cuff Q: What mnemonic helps remember the rotator cuff muscles? A: SITS Q: What does S stand for? A: Supraspinatus Q: What does I stand for? A: Infraspinatus Q: What does T stand for? A: Teres Minor Q: What does the second S stand for? A: Subscapularis Q: Which rotator cuff muscle initiates abduction? A: Supraspinatus Lower Limb Muscles Q: What muscle extends the thigh at the hip? A: Gluteus maximus Q: What muscles flex the thigh at the hip? A: Iliacus and Psoas muscles Q: What muscles abduct the thigh? A: Tensor fasciae latae, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus Q: What muscles adduct the thigh? A: Adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, pectineus Quadriceps Q: What is the function of the quadriceps? A: Extend the knee Q: Name the four quadriceps muscles. A: Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis Hamstrings Q: What is the function of the hamstrings? A: Flex the knee Q: Name the hamstring muscles. A: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus Lower Leg Q: What muscle dorsiflexes the foot? A: Tibialis anterior Q: What muscles plantar flex the foot? A: Gastrocnemius and Soleus Q: What tendon is formed by gastrocnemius and soleus? A: Achilles (Calcaneal) tendon Trunk & Breathing Q: What muscle flexes the trunk? A: Rectus abdominis Q: What muscle extends the trunk? A: Quadratus lumborum Q: What is the primary muscle of breathing? A: Diaphragm Q: What muscles help with inhalation? A: External intercostals Q: What muscles help with exhalation? A: Internal intercostals Muscle Fiber Types Q: Which muscle fibers are best for posture? A: Slow-twitch fibers Q: Which muscle fibers resist fatigue? A: Slow-twitch fibers Q: Which muscle fibers are best for sprinting? A: Fast-twitch A fibers Q: Which muscle fibers contract the fastest? A: Fast-twitch B fibers Blood Q: What is the study of blood called? A: Hematology Q: What is the normal blood pH? A: 7.35–7.45 Q: What percentage of blood is plasma? A: 55% Q: What percentage of blood is formed elements? A: 45% Q: What are red blood cells called? A: Erythrocytes Q: What is the function of red blood cells? A: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Q: How long do red blood cells live? A: 120 days Q: What are white blood cells called? A: Leukocytes Q: What is the function of white blood cells? A: Fight infection Q: What are platelets also called? A: Thrombocytes Q: What is the function of platelets? A: Blood clotting Q: How long do platelets live? A: 5–9 days Blood Clotting Q: What is hemostasis? A: Stoppage of blood loss Q: What is a thrombus? A: A blood clot Q: What is thrombosis? A: Formation of a clot in an unbroken vessel Q: What is an embolus? A: A traveling clot Q: What is an embolism? A: Blockage caused by an embolus Blood Types Q: What antigens are found on Type A blood? A: A antigens Q: What antibodies are found in Type A blood? A: Anti-B antibodies Q: What antigens are found on Type B blood? A: B antigens Q: What antibodies are found in Type B blood? A: Anti-A antibodies Q: What antigens are found on Type AB blood? A: A and B antigens Q: What antibodies are found in Type AB blood? A: None Q: What antigens are found on Type O blood? A: None Q: What antibodies are found in Type O blood? A: Anti-A and Anti-B Q: What is the universal donor? A: O Negative Q: What is the universal receiver? A: AB Positive Last-Minute Memorization Set Q: Radius = ? A: Thumb side Q: Ulna = ? A: Pinky side Q: Heel bone = ? A: Calcaneus Q: Study of bones = ? A: Osteology Q: Study of joints = ? A: Arthrology Q: Study of movement = ? A: Kinesiology Q: Rotator cuff mnemonic = ? A: SITS Q: Chewing muscles mnemonic = ? A: TIME Q: Universal donor = ? A: O- Q: Universal receiver = ? A: AB+ Q: Blood pH = ? A: 7.35–7.45 Q: RBC lifespan = ? A: 120 days Q: Platelet lifespan = ? A: 5–9 days Q: Main breathing muscle = ? A: Diaphragm Q: Knee extensors = ? A: Quadriceps Q: Knee flexors = ? A: Hamstrings