Water and Hydrogen Bonding, Molecule Reactions, and Protein Structure

Chem Atomic Theory

Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure and Ions, Isotopes and Radioactivity

atomic structure

Chem 11.2-3 Atoms and Orbitals

Introduction to Atoms and Chemical Bonding

Atomic Structure

3.1.2.1 relative atomic + molecular mass

Relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass (3.1.2.1)

Chem 11.1 Atoms and Energy

the nuclear atom

Unit 4: The Atom

Atmo 203 Quiz 4

Flashcard 1 Q: What does an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test measure? A: • pH (acidity) • Oxygen (O₂) • Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 👉 To evaluate lung function ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 2 Q: Why is ABG taken from an artery, not a vein? A: Because it measures gases before reaching tissues → more accurate for lung function ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 3 Q: What is PaO₂? A: Partial pressure of oxygen → measures how well O₂ moves from lungs to blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 4 Q: What is PaCO₂? A: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide → reflects how well CO₂ is removed ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 5 Q: What does pH indicate in ABG? A: Hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration → acidity/alkalinity of blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 6 Q: What is the normal blood pH? A: 7.35 – 7.45 (slightly alkaline) ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 7 Q: What happens if pH < 7.35? A: Acidosis ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 8 Q: What happens if pH > 7.45? A: Alkalosis ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 9 Q: What is the role of HCO₃⁻ (Bicarbonate)? A: Acts as a buffer → prevents pH changes ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 10 Q: What is O₂ Saturation (O₂Sat)? A: Percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 11 Q: What is O₂ Content (O₂CT)? A: Total amount of oxygen in blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 12 (Important Normals) Q: Normal ABG values? A: • pH: 7.35–7.45 • PaO₂: 75–100 mmHg • PaCO₂: 38–42 mmHg • HCO₃⁻: 22–28 mEq/L • O₂Sat: 94–100% ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 13 Q: Common site for ABG sampling? A: Radial artery (wrist) ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 14 Q: Other sites for ABG collection? A: • Brachial artery • Femoral artery ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 15 Q: Why is the syringe pre-heparinized? A: To prevent clotting ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 16 Q: When should ABG sample be analyzed? A: Within 30 minutes ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 17 Q: What to do if analysis is delayed? A: Put sample on ice ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 18 (Tricky 🔥) Q: What happens if air enters the sample? A: Alters gas values → incorrect results ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 19 (Exam Trap ⚠️) Q: What is a common sampling error? A: Taking venous blood instead of arterial ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 20 Q: Other causes of incorrect ABG results? A: • Too much/too little heparin • Delay in transport • Air bubbles Flashcard 1 Q: What does an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test measure? A: • pH (acidity) • Oxygen (O₂) • Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 👉 To evaluate lung function ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 2 Q: Why is ABG taken from an artery, not a vein? A: Because it measures gases before reaching tissues → more accurate for lung function ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 3 Q: What is PaO₂? A: Partial pressure of oxygen → measures how well O₂ moves from lungs to blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 4 Q: What is PaCO₂? A: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide → reflects how well CO₂ is removed ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 5 Q: What does pH indicate in ABG? A: Hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration → acidity/alkalinity of blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 6 Q: What is the normal blood pH? A: 7.35 – 7.45 (slightly alkaline) ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 7 Q: What happens if pH < 7.35? A: Acidosis ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 8 Q: What happens if pH > 7.45? A: Alkalosis ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 9 Q: What is the role of HCO₃⁻ (Bicarbonate)? A: Acts as a buffer → prevents pH changes ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 10 Q: What is O₂ Saturation (O₂Sat)? A: Percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 11 Q: What is O₂ Content (O₂CT)? A: Total amount of oxygen in blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 12 (Important Normals) Q: Normal ABG values? A: • pH: 7.35–7.45 • PaO₂: 75–100 mmHg • PaCO₂: 38–42 mmHg • HCO₃⁻: 22–28 mEq/L • O₂Sat: 94–100% ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 13 Q: Common site for ABG sampling? A: Radial artery (wrist) ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 14 Q: Other sites for ABG collection? A: • Brachial artery • Femoral artery ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 15 Q: Why is the syringe pre-heparinized? A: To prevent clotting ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 16 Q: When should ABG sample be analyzed? A: Within 30 minutes ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 17 Q: What to do if analysis is delayed? A: Put sample on ice ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 18 (Tricky 🔥) Q: What happens if air enters the sample? A: Alters gas values → incorrect results ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 19 (Exam Trap ⚠️) Q: What is a common sampling error? A: Taking venous blood instead of arterial ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 20 Q: Other causes of incorrect ABG results? A: • Too much/too little heparin • Delay in transport • Air bubbles Flashcard 1 Q: What does an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test measure? A: • pH (acidity) • Oxygen (O₂) • Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 👉 To evaluate lung function ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 2 Q: Why is ABG taken from an artery, not a vein? A: Because it measures gases before reaching tissues → more accurate for lung function ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 3 Q: What is PaO₂? A: Partial pressure of oxygen → measures how well O₂ moves from lungs to blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 4 Q: What is PaCO₂? A: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide → reflects how well CO₂ is removed ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 5 Q: What does pH indicate in ABG? A: Hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration → acidity/alkalinity of blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 6 Q: What is the normal blood pH? A: 7.35 – 7.45 (slightly alkaline) ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 7 Q: What happens if pH < 7.35? A: Acidosis ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 8 Q: What happens if pH > 7.45? A: Alkalosis ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 9 Q: What is the role of HCO₃⁻ (Bicarbonate)? A: Acts as a buffer → prevents pH changes ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 10 Q: What is O₂ Saturation (O₂Sat)? A: Percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 11 Q: What is O₂ Content (O₂CT)? A: Total amount of oxygen in blood ⸻ 🧠 Flashcard 12 (Important Normals) Q: Normal ABG values? A: • pH: 7.35–7

1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

science atoms quiz

Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom

Atomic Model/Mass Spectroscopy/Flame Tests/AAS