AP Chemistry
Unit 8 - Chemical Bonding: General Concepts
Textbook Chapter 9
I) Use the textbook to define the following terms:
a. Ionic bond - forces of attraction between positive and negative ions (metals are giving up an ion, nonmetals are gaining one)
b. Lattice energy - the energy that would occur if the ions at infinite separation are brought together to form one mole of a solid compound
c. Octet rule - atoms tend to gain or lose electrons until they have an outer shell configuration of an octet of electrons
d. Valence shell - contains an octet of electrons
e. Covalent bond - net force of attraction produced by sharing the pair of electrons
f. Bond length - the distance between the nuclei of the atoms connected by the covalent bond
g. Bond energy - energy needed to separate the bonded atoms
h. Molecular formula - gives the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound
i. Shared electron pair - pair of electrons that are equally shared between two atoms, forming a covalent bond
j. Unshared electron pair - a pair of valence electrons that belong solely to one atom and are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond
k. Single bond - sharing of one pair of electrons
l. Double bond - sharing of two pairs of electrons
m. Triple bond - sharing of three pairs of electrons
n. Chemical formula - represents the types and numbers of atoms
o. Central atom - atom in a molecule that is bonded to multiple other atoms in a substance
p. Terminal atom - atom within a molecule that is only bonded to one other atom
q. Polar covalent bond - a bond that carries partial positive and negative charges on opposite ends
r. Nonpolar covalent bond - no difference in electronegativity so the pair of bonding electrons is shared equally