Unit 8-Chemical bonding

AP Chemistry

Unit 8 - Chemical Bonding: General Concepts

Textbook Chapter 9

I) Use the textbook to define the following terms:

a. Ionic bond - forces of attraction between positive and negative ions (metals are giving up an ion, nonmetals are gaining one)

b. Lattice energy - the energy that would occur if the ions at infinite separation are brought together to form one mole of a solid compound

c. Octet rule - atoms tend to gain or lose electrons until they have an outer shell configuration of an octet of electrons

d. Valence shell - contains an octet of electrons

e. Covalent bond - net force of attraction produced by sharing the pair of electrons

f. Bond length - the distance between the nuclei of the atoms connected by the covalent bond

g. Bond energy - energy needed to separate the bonded atoms

h. Molecular formula - gives the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound

i. Shared electron pair - pair of electrons that are equally shared between two atoms, forming a covalent bond

j. Unshared electron pair - a pair of valence electrons that belong solely to one atom and are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond

k. Single bond - sharing of one pair of electrons

l. Double bond - sharing of two pairs of electrons

m. Triple bond - sharing of three pairs of electrons

n. Chemical formula - represents the types and numbers of atoms

o. Central atom - atom in a molecule that is bonded to multiple other atoms in a substance

p. Terminal atom - atom within a molecule that is only bonded to one other atom

q. Polar covalent bond - a bond that carries partial positive and negative charges on opposite ends

r. Nonpolar covalent bond - no difference in electronegativity so the pair of bonding electrons is shared equally