Unit 8-Chemical bonding

Ionic bond

Forces of attraction between positive and negative ions (metals give up an ion, nonmetals gain one).

Lattice energy

The energy that would occur if the ions at infinite separation are brought together to form one mole of a solid compound.

Octet rule

Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons until they have an outer shell configuration of an octet of electrons.

Valence shell

Contains an octet of electrons.

Covalent bond

Net force of attraction produced by sharing a pair of electrons.

Bond length

The distance between the nuclei of the atoms connected by the covalent bond.

Bond energy

Energy needed to separate the bonded atoms.

Molecular formula

Gives the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound.

Shared electron pair

Pair of electrons that are equally shared between two atoms, forming a covalent bond.

Unshared electron pair

A pair of valence electrons that belong solely to one atom and are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond.

Single bond

Sharing of one pair of electrons.

Double bond

Sharing of two pairs of electrons.

Triple bond

Sharing of three pairs of electrons.

Chemical formula

Represents the types and numbers of atoms.

Central atom

Atom in a molecule that is bonded to multiple other atoms in a substance.

Terminal atom

Atom within a molecule that is only bonded to one other atom.

Polar covalent bond

A bond that carries partial positive and negative charges on opposite ends.

Nonpolar covalent bond

No difference in electronegativity so the pair of bonding electrons is shared equally.