The New Deal

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

32nd President of the United States, inaugurated in 1933.

New Deal

Roosevelt's plan to combat the Great Depression.

Great Depression

Severe economic downturn beginning in 1929.

First Hundred Days

Initial period of Roosevelt's presidency with significant reforms.

Wall Street Crash

1929 market crash leading to the Great Depression.

Unemployment Rate

1 in 4 Americans unemployed during the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns named after President Hoover, symbolizing poverty.

Emergency Relief Construction Act

Legislation creating public works jobs for unemployed.

Economic Crisis

The worst economic situation since the Civil War.

Bank Failures

Over 1,450 banks closed in 1932, losing customers' savings.

Social Safety Net

Absence of welfare and unemployment insurance pre-New Deal.

Herbert Hoover

President blamed for the Great Depression's severity.

Inaugural Speech

Famous speech by Roosevelt during his 1932 inauguration.

Financial Sector Reform

New laws aimed at stabilizing the banking system.

Job Creation

Programs designed to reduce unemployment during the Depression.

Natural Resource Development

Government initiatives to manage and utilize natural resources.

Agricultural Reform

Policies aimed at improving farming conditions and prices.

Industrial Recovery

Efforts to revitalize American industry post-Depression.

Economic Indicators

Metrics used to assess the health of the economy.

Public Works

Government-funded projects to create jobs and infrastructure.

Charity Reliance

Dependence on charity before government assistance existed.

Political Unpopularity

Hoover's declining popularity due to economic failures.

Historic Government Action

Significant legislative measures taken during Roosevelt's first days.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Loaned federal money to businesses for relief.

Hoover's Tax Policies

Raised taxes and tariffs, worsening the Depression.

Franklin Roosevelt Inauguration

Became president in 1933 during the Great Depression.

Great Depression Unemployment Rate

Nationwide unemployment reached about 25%.

Failed Banks Definition

Banks that completely went out of business.

Social Safety Net

Did not exist at the start of the Depression.

New Deal

FDR's programs to create a social safety net.

FDR's Background

Came from privilege, attended Harvard College.

Theodore Roosevelt Relation

Fifth cousins, Theodore was a Republican.

FDR's Polio Infection

Paralyzed both legs, limited mobility with braces.

Empathy Development

Disability gave FDR a 'common touch' with citizens.

Governor of New York

Elected in 1928, proved leadership during Depression.

Temporary Emergency Relief Administration

Disbursed $20 million to aid New Yorkers.

Laissez-Faire Economics

Belief that government should not intervene in economy.

Market Correction Philosophy

Depressions are natural; government intervention is wrong.

Hoover's Economic Philosophy

Believed in minimal government intervention during crises.

FDR's Activism

Believed government must protect citizens from hardship.

Political Career Setback

FDR's polio nearly ended his political ambitions.

Class Warfare Concern

Hoover viewed FDR as a dangerous radical.

Common Touch

FDR's ability to relate to less fortunate citizens.

Aid Comparison

No state had provided as much aid as FDR.

Hoover's Stubbornness

Left office bitter, resistant to change.

FDR's Determination

Reentered politics with renewed focus after polio.

FDR

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd U.S. President.

Progressive

Belief in government shaping society.

Great Depression

Severe worldwide economic downturn in the 1930s.

Social Duty

Government aid as a responsibility, not charity.

Bold Experimentation

FDR's philosophy of trying new methods.

Polio

Disease causing FDR's lower-body paralysis.

Wheelchair

Device used by FDR for mobility.

Leg Braces

Supportive devices worn by FDR for standing.

Stage Managed

Carefully controlled public image of FDR.

Democratic Party

Political party FDR represented during presidency.

Herbert Hoover

Unpopular Republican president before FDR.

1932 Election

FDR won Democratic nomination against Hoover.

Diverse Voters

Mix of demographics in 1930s Democratic Party.

Southern Conservatives

One faction of 1930s Democratic voters.

Northeastern Liberals

Another faction of 1930s Democratic voters.

Urban Immigrants

Demographic group supporting the Democratic Party.

Union Members

Labor supporters of the Democratic Party.

White Supremacists

Controversial faction within the Democratic Party.

Political Transformation

Democrats aimed to reshape American politics.

Chicago Convention

Event where FDR accepted the nomination.

Republican Brand

Perception of the Republican Party during the Depression.

Tarnished Reputation

Negative view of Republicans due to Hoover.

First Candidate Nomination Acceptance

FDR was the first to accept in person.

Forgotten Man

Term used by FDR for marginalized citizens.

Liberal Thought

Advocacy for progressive social policies.

Planned Action

Organized government response to economic issues.

Greatest Good

Philosophy prioritizing welfare of most citizens.

New Deal

FDR's program for economic recovery.

Electoral Landslide

FDR won 57% of the popular vote.

Decisive Mandate

Authority granted to lead by election results.

New Deal Coalition

Alliance of diverse groups supporting FDR.

Bank Panic

Widespread bank failures due to withdrawals.

80% Bank Closure

Percentage of banks closed by FDR's inauguration.

Dictatorial Powers

Potential emergency powers for crisis management.

Adolf Hitler

Leader of Germany during economic crisis.

Benito Mussolini

Italian dictator during the Great Depression.

Joseph Stalin

Soviet leader who rose during economic turmoil.

March 4, 1933

Date of FDR's presidential inauguration.

Radio Ownership

90% of Americans owned radios in 1933.

Fear Itself

FDR's phrase emphasizing overcoming fear.

National Disaster Diagnosis

FDR's analysis of economic conditions in 1933.

Withered Leaves

Metaphor for failing industrial enterprises.

Unemployment Crisis

High rates of joblessness during the Great Depression.

Economic Recovery

Process of revitalizing the economy post-crisis.

Frankness and Vigor

Qualities of leadership essential for overcoming challenges.

Mob Violence Preparedness

Military readiness in response to economic distress.

The Great Depression

Economic downturn beginning in late 1929.

Hundred Days

First months of FDR's presidency with major reforms.

Brain Trust

Group of advisors and experts for FDR.

Frances Perkins

First female U.S. cabinet member, Secretary of Labor.

20th Amendment

Changed presidential inauguration date to January 20.

Giuseppe Zangara

Assassin who attempted to kill FDR in 1933.

Anton Cermak

Mayor of Chicago, wounded in Zangara's assassination attempt.

Direct recruiting

Government employment strategy during economic crisis.