READING WRITING FINAL TERM

Writing Process Steps

1. Prewriting

2. Publication

3. Editing

4. Revising

5. Drafting

Definition of the Writing Process

• More of a cycle than a sequence

Prewriting

• It pertains to the different techniques that help you discover ideas before writing the first draft of the paper.

The Do’s of Prewriting

1. Know the kind of paper you’re writing

2. Don’t forget to recognize your audience/readers

3. Determine the writing situation

4. Identify your purpose for writing

Do identify your purpose for writing

• This is the reason why you are writing.

• With a purpose, you decide the content, the length, the organization, support, and tone of your paper.

• Your purpose may be to inform, explain, persuade, or to entertain.

Do determine the writing situation

• To whom are you writing?

• What is your teacher asking you to write about?

It will help you filter your ideas to streamline your writing

Don’t forget to recognize your audience/readers

• Always know your readers’ preferences

• Don’t always think of writing to express, this is not creative writing.

• Your readers will feel more involved in your writing.

• Also consider the length of the paper.

Do know the kind of paper you’re writing

Identify what type of writing you are tasked to do.

• Position Paper

• Response Paper

• Summary

The Don’ts of Prewriting

1. Don’t critique your ideas

2. Don’t forget to recognize your audience

Don’t critique your ideas

• In this stage, your ideas are not fully formed so just let them float on your paper.

• Approach this stage with a relaxed and open state of mind.

• Communicate with yourself on what you want to communicate with your readers.

PATT means?

1. Purpose

2. Audience

3. Topic

4. Tone

Tone

• Attitude and feelings you want to reflect in your writing.

• Shown through POV, sentence structure, and word choice.

Topic

• The subject or specific issue

• It should be interesting and relevant

• Your expertise for credibility

Audience

• For whom you are writing for

Purpose

• Your reasoning for writing

Prewriting Strategies

1. Brainstorming/Listing

2. Clustering/Mapping

3. Freewriting

Freewriting

• Writing down your thoughts nonstop, in the exact order, language, and form in that you think them

• Uses the force of narration to draw a stream of ideas out of the writer’s mind

Clustering/Mapping

• Start by writing a word at the center and think of other words related to the main topic, write them down and encircle them and draw lines connecting them to the main topic.

Brainstorming/Listing

• One of the better and more popular methods of discovering your writing topic

• Its aim is to provide yourself with as many choices for your topic as possible

2 Types of Tones

1. Informal

2. Formal

Informal Tone

• It is a tone used when the people you conserve with are close to you

Formal Tone

• It is a tone that is used when you converse to a stranger or someone who has a higher authority than you. It’s usually used when writing emails or letters

Characteristics of Formal Tone

• Full Sentences

• Correct Grammar and Vocabulary

• No Idioms

• Passive Voice

• No Phrasal Verbs

• No Abbreviations

• No Exclamation Marks

• No Imperatives (COMMANDS)

• Polite Expressions/Formal Courteous Phrases

• No All CapLock

• No Slang

Characteristics of Informal Tone

• Incomplete Sentences

• Wrong grammar and wrong use of -Vocabulary

• Idioms

• Phrasal Verbs

• Abbreviations

• Exclamation Marks

• Imperative (Commands)

• Usage of All CapsLock

• Usage of Slang

Thesis Statement

• it is the central idea of an essay

• it reflects your purpose for writing

• it reveals your attitude towards a particular topic

• It should be comprehensive yet concise because you will be spending the rest of the paper providing your point 

Ingredients: Position, Topic, Textual Evidence

Directions: Mention the Main topic, Take a position,

       Summarize Evidence

Working Thesis Statement

• An argument containing your stand and what you intend to prove with evidence in the essay

• It is called such that you may have to adjust your thesis statement depending on your research and writing.

Characteristics of an Effective Thesis Statement

1. Responds to the assignment by the following instructions

2. Expresses the main idea in one to two sentences.

3. Focuses on a specific issue

4. States a stand on the topic

5. Say something meaningful by answering the questions: “So what?”, “How?”, “Why?”

6. Previews the rest of the essay by being placed in the introduction

7. Reflects a tone and point-of-view appropriate to the identified purpose and audience.

Guidelines on writing a Thesis Statement

1. Avoid making overly-opinionated stands

2. Avoid making announcements

3. Avoid stating only facts

Types of Thesis Statements

1. Argumentative

2. Expository

3. Analytical

Argumentative

• A type of thesis statement that presents a debatable stance about a topic.

Expository

• A type of thesis statement that aims to simply explain a topic.

Analytical

• A type of thesis statement that aims to deeply analyze a topic

NOTES:

• Types of Fact: Scientific, Mathematical, Historical

• Facts are things that you should not bother using as a topic in your thesis