marijuana

shen nung

rheumatism, gout

atharva veda

marijuana sacred plant in India, ancient hindu book

hashishins

secret assassination, term for marijuana

victor hugo and alexander duman

consumed large amounts of hash-like material and wrote accounts of their experiences

NYC mayor fiorello la guadia

commission to determine consequences of marijuana use —> marijuana minor intoxicant w/ few side effects

harry anslinger

racist marijuana hater, 1st director of beurer

1960s

• Hippy movement; free-love movement

• Greater use among youth and young adults (also LSD, barbiturates, amphetamines)

marijuana effects

 stimulates appetite, reduces anxiety levels & pain, reduce effects of wasting

alcohol, pharmaceutical, police, prison lobbies

FDA; against marijuana

tetanus and convulsive diseases

• William O'Shaughnessy studied medical uses of cannabis in India and reported his observations back to the Western medical community.  He reported on the treatment of what conditions?

FDA approved cannabinoids

marinol, syndros, cesamet, epidiolex

marinol and syndros

contain dronabinol (d-word), oral use only, for nausea in cancer and AIDS, helps prevent wasting

cesamet

contains nabilone (n-word, cannabinoid), used for nausea, discontinued in US

epidiolex

contains purified CBD from cannabis, used to treat seizures w/ lennox-gastaut syndrome, charlotte’s law

medical use of cannabinoids

sativex (spray form), treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)

prevention of alzheimer’s disease

cannabinoids: neuroprotection, blockade of microglial activation

THC: randomized crossover trial

treatment of tourette’s syndrome

marijuana

Cannot overdose; doesn’t react with alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids

chronic pain, chemotherapy (nausea and vomiting), multiple sclerosis spasticity

cannabis sativa

felt cognitively, no sedation effect, finding fully preserved rare

cannabis indica

• sedation, relaxation, body buzz (ppl feel it physically in their body)?, finding fully preserved rare

cannabis plant

sativa, indica, ruderalis (SIR)

hashish

processing of plant to yield dried resin - more concentrated THC content

hash oil

boil w/ solvent, solvent strained out

live resin

• Plant frozen at harvest to keep chemicals in plant from changing

• Resin extracted chemically with butane solvents

keef

Crystals on marijuana bud contain high concentrations of THC

active agents of marijuana

• Delta-9-THC

• Delta-8-THC

  • Produced by plant first, then converts to Delta-9-THC. Can do this using heat.

• cannabidiol

• active metabolites

cannabidiol

• slows metabolism of THC inc duration

• Converted to THC when burned

• May have neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and anti-psychotic effects

week-3 weeks

metabolites of marijuana for

anandamide

brain’s own marijuana, binds to cannabinoid receptors

cb-1 receptor

• Located in CNS and PNS

• Brain and spinal cord

cb-2 receptor

• Mostly in periphery (outside of brain and spinal cord)

• Found primarily in immune system

• Found on heart - protects from inflammation?

• Not much found in brain

physiological effects of marijuana

Inc pulse rate & slight drop in BP, dry mouth, hunger

hedonic hotspot

•  specific area of nucleus accumbens when stimulated by cannabinoids there is inc in reward value of natural rewards

oral

longest duration of THC effects

acomplia: rimo

• CB-1 receptor antagonist

• Suppresses appetite (anti-munchies)

• pulled off market

rimonobant

spice diamond

Europe, synthetic cannabinoids, J.W Huffman (JWH compounds don’t produce same metabolites as THC), more potent than THC, banned