Nervous, Circulatory, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems

A set of flashcards summarizing key concepts from the lecture on various biological systems.

What are the gaps on the myelin sheath called?

Nodes

What happens when an action potential is produced with a signal that is stronger than threshold?

The action potential has the same strength as threshold.

What would happen if a person lacked motor neurons?

They would be unable to swing a hammer.

What carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons and muscles?

Axon

How does the myelin sheath affect the speed of an action potential?

It insulates the axon, allowing the action potential to jump from node to node, increasing speed.

What is chemical digestion exemplified by?

Amylase in saliva breaks down food.

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

To provide oxygen to the body and to remove carbon dioxide.

Which effect would result from a malfunctioning neurotransmitter?

An impulse could not cross the gap between neurons.

Why is it important to eat proteins?

The body makes only 12 of the 20 necessary amino acids.

What structure receives vibrations from the eardrum?

Middle ear (or malleus).

What do pain receptors respond to?

They are found in all body tissues except for those in the brain.

What is the part of the inner ear called?

Cochlea.

What causes inhalation during breathing?

Contraction of rib and diaphragm muscles.

What is the main function of red blood cells?

They carry oxygen to all body cells.

Which cell type is involved in fighting disease?

White blood cells.

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

To filter waste and water from the body.

Which structure is responsible for blood clot formation?

Platelets.

What changes in the structure of the alveoli can affect gas exchange?

If the alveoli walls are thickened or their surface area decreased, gas exchange efficiency is reduced.

Which organs pass food through the digestive system in order?

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus.

What is the role of amylase in digestion?

It begins chemical digestion in the saliva.

How does mechanical digestion facilitate chemical digestion?

By breaking down foods into smaller pieces, increasing surface area for enzymes.

What does MyPlate illustrate?

It shows the five food groups needed for a healthy, balanced diet.

What is the main function of the colon?

Absorbing water from chyme.